Timeline of Scientific Contributions

Who developed the poliomyelitis vaccine (inactivated) in 1954?

• Jonas Salk

• Albert Sabin

• Louis Pasteur

• Edward Jenner

Who introduced the Westgard Rules for quality control in the clinical laboratory in 1973?

• James Westgard

• Karl Landsteiner

• Rosalind Franklin

• Frederick Sanger

• Arthur Kornberg

Who developed the Hepatitis B vaccine in 1980?

• Baruch Samuel Blumberg

• Jonas Salk

• Albert Sabin

• Edward Jenner

Who developed the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in 1985?

• Kary Mullis

• James Watson

• Frederick Sanger

• Rosalind Franklin

Who developed the intracytoplasmic sperm injection in 1992?

• Andre Van Steirteghem

• Robert Edwards

• Patrick Steptoe

• Ian Wilmut

Who derived the first human stem cell line in 1998?

• James Thomson

• Shinya Yamanaka

• John Gurdon

• Ian Wilmut

Who discovered the circulation of blood and proved through vivisection, ligation, and perfusion that the heart acts as a muscular pump propelling the blood throughout the body in a continuous cycle?

• WILLIAM HARVEY

• CLAUDIUS GALEN

• ANDREAS VESALIUS

• MARCELLO MALPIGHI

Who used a microscope to document the existence of 'cells'?

• ROBERT HOOKE

• Isaac Newton

• Louis Pasteur

• Gregor Mendel

Who is known as the Father of Histology and was a physician to Pope Innocent XII, famous for his investigations of the embryology of the chick and the histology and physiology of the glands and viscera?

• MARCELLO MALPIGHI

• CLAUDE BERNARD

• ANDREAS VESALIUS

• WILLIAM HARVEY

Who discovered that urine containing protein would form a precipitate when boiled with acetic acid?

• FREDERIK DEKKERS

• ROBERT KOCH

• LOUIS PASTEUR

• WILLIAM HARVEY