Unit 3 Vocabulary: Cell Energy

Calvin Cycle

• The process of converting sunlight into chemical energy.

• The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build glucose.

• The series of reactions that convert glucose into energy in the form of ATP.

• The process of splitting water molecules to release oxygen during photosynthesis.

Aerobic

• Process that requires oxygen.

• Process that occurs in the absence of oxygen.

• Process that produces energy without oxygen.

• Process that occurs only in plants.

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

• A compound that stores genetic information.

• A compound used by cells to store and release energy.

• A type of protein that catalyzes reactions.

• A lipid that forms cell membranes.

Thylakoid

• Saclike photosynthetic membranes found in chloroplasts.

• Structures that store starch in plant cells.

• Cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis.

• Membranes that regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Cellular respiration

• Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.

• A method of photosynthesis in plants.

• A type of fermentation that occurs in yeast.

• The process of converting carbon dioxide into glucose.

Glycolysis

• The process of converting glucose into energy in the mitochondria.

• The first set of reactions in cellular respiration during which a molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid; occurs in cytoplasm.

• The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.

• The breakdown of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA for energy production.

Heterotroph

• Organism that produces its own food through photosynthesis; also called a producer.

• Organism that obtains its energy by consuming other living things; also called a consumer.

• Organism that can survive without any energy source; also called a decomposer.

• Organism that primarily feeds on inorganic substances; also called a chemotroph.

Light-Independent reactions

• A set of reactions in photosynthesis that require light; energy from sunlight is used to build high energy compounds such as sugars.

• A set of reactions in photosynthesis that do not require light; energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high energy compounds such as sugars; also called the Calvin Cycle.

• A process that occurs in the mitochondria to produce energy from glucose without the use of oxygen.

• A series of reactions that convert carbon dioxide into oxygen using light energy.

Krebs Cycle

• First stage of cellular respiration

• Second stage of cellular respiration in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy extracting reactions.

• Process of photosynthesis

• Conversion of glucose to lactic acid

Mitochondrial Matrix

• Innermost compartment of the mitochondrion; where the Krebs Cycle occurs.

• Outer membrane of the mitochondrion; involved in ATP synthesis.

• Space between the inner and outer membranes; contains ribosomes.

• Site of photosynthesis in plant cells.