Cyber threats

You download a "free movie player" app, but later notice your webcam light turning on by itself. What is the most likely cause?

• A) Trojan
  

• B) Worm
  

• C) Ransomware
  

• D) Phishing

Answer explanation

The webcam light turning on unexpectedly suggests unauthorized access, likely due to a Trojan. Trojans disguise themselves as legitimate software, allowing attackers to control your device, unlike worms, ransomware, or phishing.

An employee reports their system is slowing down, showing pop-ups, and antivirus alerts for "suspicious programs." What type of cyber threat is this most likely?

• Social Engineering

• Malware infection

• DDoS attack

• Insider threat

Answer explanation

The symptoms of system slowdown, pop-ups, and antivirus alerts indicate a malware infection. These are common signs of malicious software that can compromise system performance and security.

A student shares a pirated software installer with friends. Everyone who installs it finds files mysteriously deleted. What is this?

• Worm

• Phishing

• Virus

• Insider Threat

Answer explanation

The situation describes a virus, which is malicious software that can delete files on a computer. Sharing pirated software often leads to the spread of such viruses, causing harm to users' systems.

An organization notices its email server being overloaded after one infected computer starts sending malicious emails to all contacts. What is this?

• Virus

• Phishing

• Trojan

• Worm

Answer explanation

The situation describes a computer spreading malicious emails, which is characteristic of a worm. Unlike viruses, worms can replicate and spread independently across networks, causing server overload.

A company HR document becomes inaccessible after multiple employees share and open it. The issue keeps spreading across shared drives. What caused this?

• MitM Attack

• Virus

• Ransomware

• Trojan

Answer explanation

The issue of the HR document becoming inaccessible after being shared indicates a virus infection. Viruses can spread through shared files, causing documents to become corrupted or inaccessible, unlike ransomware or other malware.

A hospital’s internal network slows down drastically, but no one downloaded or clicked anything suspicious. What’s the most probable cause?

• Worm

• Data Breach

• Social Engineering

• Virus

Answer explanation

A worm can spread through a network without user interaction, consuming bandwidth and causing slowdowns. Unlike viruses, worms replicate independently, making them a likely cause for the hospital's network issues.

An employee installs a "system cleaner" tool. Later, unknown programs run in the background, and data is being stolen. Which threat is this?

• Worm

• MitM

• Trojan

• Virus

Answer explanation

The scenario describes a 'system cleaner' that is actually a Trojan, as it disguises itself as legitimate software but allows unknown programs to run and steal data.

A company’s files are encrypted overnight, with a message demanding payment in Bitcoin. Which attack is this?

• Trojan

• DDoS

• Ransomware

• Insider Threat

Answer explanation

The scenario describes ransomware, where files are encrypted and a ransom is demanded in Bitcoin. This type of attack restricts access to data until payment is made, distinguishing it from other options like Trojan or DDoS.

A hacker manages to steal an employee’s email password through a phishing attack. However, when the hacker tries to log in, the system asks for a fingerprint scan before granting access. Why does the login attempt fail?

• The email system was offline.

• The hacker didn’t use the correct browser.

• Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) required an additional verification factor.

• The password had already expired.

Answer explanation

The login attempt fails because Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) requires an additional verification factor, such as a fingerprint scan, which the hacker cannot provide.

You receive an email from "[e-mail]" (with a number 1 instead of L) asking you to verify your account. What is this?

• Phishing

• Fake Website

• Social Engineering

• Trojan

Answer explanation

The email from [e-mail], with '1' instead of 'L', is a phishing attempt. Phishing involves fraudulent messages designed to trick you into revealing personal information, often using deceptive email addresses.