Viral Life Cycles and Treatments

Why can't antibiotics treat the common cold?

• Antibiotics only work on symptoms, not the cause.

• The common cold is caused by a virus, and antibiotics target bacteria.

• Viruses are too small for antibiotics to affect.

• The common cold is not an infection.

Which statement accurately describes viruses?

• They are complex cells that can replicate independently.

• They are living organisms made of multiple cells.

• They are non-cellular entities that require a host to replicate.

• They are a type of bacteria that causes infections.

Why are antibiotics ineffective against viral infections like the common cold?

• Viruses are prokaryotes, while antibiotics target eukaryotes.

• Antibiotics are designed to attack living cells like bacteria and fungi, not non-cellular viruses.

• Viruses have a protein coat that blocks antibiotics.

• Antibiotics only treat the symptoms of viral infections.

What two main components are found in all viruses?

• Cell membrane and cytoplasm.

• Genetic material and a protein coat.

• Enzymes and an outer envelope.

• Mitochondria and a nucleus.

What is unique about virus replication compared to cellular organisms?

• Viruses can replicate independently in any environment.

• Viruses must infect a host cell to replicate.

• Viruses reproduce sexually, unlike other organisms.

• Viruses only replicate in non-living matter.

Which of the following describes the final stage of the lytic cycle?

• The virus integrates its genetic material into the host's DNA.

• The host cell replicates the viral genetic material without producing new viruses.

• The host cell bursts, releasing newly assembled viruses.

• The virus remains dormant within the host cell.

What is the ultimate fate of a host cell infected by a virus undergoing the lytic cycle?

• It becomes immune to future viral infections.

• It continues to function normally while producing viral copies.

• It is destroyed as new viruses are released.

• It transforms into a new type of viral cell.

How does the viral genetic material behave during the lysogenic cycle?

• It immediately takes over the cell's machinery to produce new viruses.

• It remains dormant and is replicated along with the host cell's genetic material.

• It is expelled from the host cell after initial infection.

• It causes the host cell to immediately burst and release new viruses.

What can cause a virus in the lysogenic cycle to switch to the lytic cycle?

• Exposure to certain chemical triggers or lack of food for the host.

• The host cell's immune system actively fighting the virus.

• The virus running out of genetic material to replicate.

• The host cell undergoing a period of rapid growth.

Why is it challenging to develop effective treatments for some viruses like HIV?

• Viruses are too small to be targeted by medication.

• Viruses can rapidly mutate, making existing treatments ineffective.

• Viruses only infect non-living cells, making them hard to reach.

• The human immune system is unable to recognize viral infections.