Psych Ch1 section 1

What is the psychological term for a systematic way of dispensing rewards and punishments, as described in Chapter 9?

• Shaping
• Conditioning
• Modeling
• Reinforcement

In what situation is the concept of shaping particularly useful?

• When training a puppy.
• When studying for an exam.
• When overcoming a phobia.
• When making new friends.

What is an example of shaping when training a puppy?

• Giving the puppy a treat after it obeys a command.
• Using a loud noise to stop it from barking.
• Taking the puppy for a walk as a reward.
• Ignoring the puppy when it misbehaves.

What might you find yourself wondering about your interactions with others?

• How you are shaping the behavior of people around you.
• Why people don't understand your intentions.
• What their secret motivations are.
• If your friends truly like you.

What is the behavior of the two friends in the example?

• They are always happy to join but never bring any money.
• They are supportive but often cancel plans.
• They are fun to be around but talk too much.
• They are generous but always expect favors.

What has been the result of loaning money to the friends?

• They have failed to pay the money back many times.
• They have become distant and avoid contact.
• They have started asking for larger amounts.
• They have paid it back but were always late.

What do you know about your friends' financial situation and what have you done about it?

• You know they can afford to pay, and you have told them so.
• They are in debt, so you have offered help.
• They have good jobs, but you haven't mentioned it.
• Their situation is unknown, so you haven't asked.

Why do you continue to pay for your friends?

• Because they are good friends.
• Because you feel guilty if you don't.
• Because you are afraid of losing them.
• Because you don't want to cause a conflict.

What is the consequence of paying for your friends repeatedly?

• You are reinforcing an undesirable behavior pattern.
• You are enabling them to become irresponsible.
• You are damaging your own financial stability.
• You are creating resentment in the friendship.

What question should you ask yourself about reinforcing your friends' behavior?

• You should ask yourself if that is what you really want to do.
• You should ask how you can change their behavior.
• You should ask if the friendship is worth the cost.
• You should ask why they take advantage of you.