What were the political and social structures of 16th-century Europe significantly transformed by?

• The Industrial Revolution and the rise of capitalism

• The Protestant Reformation and the rise of centralized monarchies

• The Enlightenment and the development of democracy

• The Renaissance and the spread of humanism

Which institution was weakened as a result of the transformations in 16th-century Europe?

• The Orthodox Church

• The Catholic Church

• The Anglican Church

• The Lutheran Church

What improvements were made in 16th-century Europe alongside the transformation of political and social structures?

• Trade and commerce

• Education and literacy

• Military and defense

• Agriculture and farming

What was one of the effects of the Protestant Reformation on Europe?

• It strengthened the political power of the Catholic Church.

• It improved the literacy and education level of the middle class.

• It unified the religious practices across Europe.

• It decreased the influence of Protestant beliefs.

How did the Protestant Reformation affect the political power of the Catholic Church?

• It increased the political power of the Catholic Church.

• It had no effect on the political power of the Catholic Church.

• It diminished the political power of the Catholic Church.

• It led to the Catholic Church gaining more territories.

What was one effect of the rise in centralized monarchies?

• Strengthened the feudal nobility

• Weakened the feudal nobility

• Reduced monarchs' control over religious institutions

• Increased the power of local lords

How did centralized monarchies affect religious institutions?

• Gave monarchs more control

• Reduced monarchs' influence

• Made religious institutions independent

• Strengthened the power of the clergy

What type of living conditions did peasants experience according to the text?

• Luxurious urban living

• Comfortable suburban living

• Harsh agrarian living

• Modern industrial living

Which institution remained influential according to the text?

• The Protestant Church

• The Catholic Church

• The Eastern Orthodox Church

• The Anglican Church

What was one of the effects of the Reformation on social norms in 16th-century Europe?

• Reinforced traditional social norms

• Challenged traditional social norms

• Eliminated social norms

• Had no effect on social norms