The autonomic nervous system

controls the activities of visceral muscles, organs and glands.

controls movements of skeletal muscles.

initiates movements of skeletal muscles.

controls virtually all thoughts, feelings and behaviours.

the place where neurons communicate.

the part of the neuron on which small extensions grow.

The two sub-divisions of the central nervous system are the _____ and the two sub-divisions of the peripheral nervous are the _____

brain and spinal cord; autonomic and somatic systems

somatic and autonomic systems; brain and spinal cord

brain and peripheral system; somatic and sympathetic systems

A major function of the somatic nervous system is to

transmit information from sensory receptors to the CNS.

carry neural messages between the CNS and internal organs and glands.

maintain the body's internal states.

carry motor messages to the CNS.

A difference between glutamate and GABA is that

glutamate has an excitatory effect; whereas GABA has an inhibitory effect.

glutamate is a neurotransmitter; whereas GABA is a neurohormone.

GABA is a neurotransmitter; whereas glutamate is a neurohormone.

GABA has an excitatory effect; whereas glutamate has an inhibitory effect.

Long-term potentiation is

the enduring strengthening and efficient functioning of synaptic connections.

the potential to learn and form memories.

the long-lasting decrease in the strength of synaptic transmission.

the long-lasting release of glutamate at the synapse.

If long-term potentiation is to occur between two neurons, then

the two neurons must be activated simultaneously.

the two neurons must be connected within a neural pathway.

the existing connection between the two neurons must be weak.

the existing connection between the two neurons must be strong.

When learning and memory occur

there is a change in the structure of a neurons in the brain.

there is an increase in the amount of synapses produced by neurons, thereby enabling them to flow more freely within a neural pathway.

new neurotransmitters grow and interconnect the neurons to form a pathway for the information.

neurons assemble in a formation that creates a neural pathway for the learning to occur and its subsequent memory.

Which of the following statements about learning is not true?

Learning causes weakening of synaptic connections.

Learning causes changes at the synapse.

Learning can create new neural pathways.

Learning can reorganise neural pathways.

Long-term potentiation and long-term depression cannot occur during learning or memory formation unless

the neurons involved in establishing a pathway already have synaptic connections.

the organism also wants to remember the new information or skill.

prolonged simultaneous activity occurs in either adjacent presynaptic or postsynaptic neurons.

prolonged simultaneous activity occurs in both adjacent presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons.

Simultaneous firing of two adjacent neurons makes those neurons

more inclined to fire together in the future.

less inclined to fire together in the future.

prune connections that cannot adapt to the activity.

Which of the following are characteristics that distinguish neurotransmission from neuromodulation?

Neurotransmission is fast, point-to-point, and has short-lasting effects, while neuromodulation is slow, diffuse, and has long-lasting effects.

Neurotransmission is always inhibitory, while neuromodulation is always excitatory.

Neurotransmission only occurs in the spinal cord, while neuromodulation only occurs in the brain.

Neurotransmission uses only peptides, while neuromodulation uses only amino acids.

The interrelationship of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems can be described with reference to an example such as:

The sympathetic system increases heart rate while the parasympathetic system decreases it.

Both systems always increase heart rate together.

The parasympathetic system increases heart rate while the sympathetic system decreases it.

Both systems have no effect on heart rate.

The key steps in the spinal reflex sequence of activity that enables a withdrawal response to occur before the brain processes the conscious perception of pain are:

Receptor activation, sensory neuron transmission, interneuron relay in spinal cord, motor neuron activation, effector response

Brain processes pain, then sends signal to spinal cord, which activates muscles

Muscle contracts first, then spinal cord sends signal to brain, then receptor is activated

Effector responds, then receptor is activated, then brain processes pain

Excitatory and inhibitory effects of neurotransmitters refer to their ability to:

Increase or decrease the likelihood of a neuron firing an action potential

Control the speed of blood flow in the brain

Regulate the amount of oxygen in the brain

What primarily determines whether or not a neurotransmitter will have an excitatory or inhibitory effect?

The type of receptor it binds to

The amount of neurotransmitter released

Synaptic plasticity makes learning and memory formation possible by:

allowing the strength of connections between neurons to change based on experience

preventing neurons from communicating with each other

eliminating all synaptic connections in the brain

ensuring that all synapses remain static and unchanging

Long-term potentiation and long-term depression influence connections between neurons by:

strengthening or weakening synaptic connections, respectively.

causing neurons to die or regenerate.

increasing the number of neurons in the brain.

blocking all communication between neurons.

The phrase ‘learning and memory formation involve the building of neural pathways in the brain’ refers to which of the following, according to Hebb’s rule?

The strengthening of connections between neurons that fire together

The loss of neurons during learning

The random formation of new neurons

The weakening of all neural connections

Identify the experimental design used in a clinical trial where participants are randomly assigned to either a group receiving a new dopamine enhancing medication or a group receiving a look-alike inert substance, with neither the researcher nor the participants knowing which group they are in, and motor symptoms are assessed before and after the trial period.

Double-blind randomized controlled trial

Identify the independent and dependent variables from the given scenario.

The independent variable is the one that is changed, and the dependent variable is the one that is measured.

The dependent variable is the one that is changed, and the independent variable is the one that is measured.

Both variables are changed in the experiment.

Neither variable is changed or measured.

A researcher conducted a clinical trial to investigate the effects of a new dopamine enhancing medication on motor symptoms of a neurodegenerative disorder. She designed an ethically approved experiment that used two groups. Group A used the new medication for a trial period of six months, whereas Group B used a look-alike inert substance over the same period. Neither the researcher nor the participants knew who was using the real trial medication and who was not. Participants were assigned to each group by chance, and all had their motor symptoms assessed at the beginning and end of the experiment. Assessments were based on number and severity of symptoms involving walking, talking, swallowing, speaking, blink rate in the eyes and facial expression. c. Group A is the _____ group, and Group B is the _____ group.

Group A is the experimental group, and Group B is the control group.

Group A is the placebo group, and Group B is the experimental group.

Group A is the control group, and Group B is the experimental group.

Group A is the treatment group, and Group B is the placebo group.

What is the purpose of this procedure?

To establish a reference point for comparison after the experimental manipulation.

To ensure the experiment is repeated multiple times.

To increase the sample size for better accuracy.

To eliminate all variables from the experiment.

Topic 2 test

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Topic 2 test

47 questions

A role of the spinal cord is to

You are working quietly in the library when a friend sneaks up from behind and scares you, making your heart race. At this time, your _____ nervous system would be dominant.

Sensory pathways carry information to the _ and motor pathways carry information from the _

Which of the following is not a form of synaptic plasticity?

The neurotransmitter _ is associated with the experience of pleasure and motivation; whereas _ is associated with the experience of relaxation and calmness.

Communication within neurons is _; whereas communication between neurons is _

The process through which new connections are made between active neurons to create alternate neural pathways in response to a brain injury is called synaptic

A mosquito lands on your arm. You watch it carefully then move your hand to swat it. Your sensation and response are due to _____ activity.

Regulation of the sleep–wake cycle is predominantly influenced by

Too little dopamine in the brain is most strongly associated with

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Topic 2 test

47 questions

A role of the spinal cord is to

You are working quietly in the library when a friend sneaks up from behind and scares you, making your heart race. At this time, your _____ nervous system would be dominant.

Sensory pathways carry information to the _____ and motor pathways carry information from the _____

Which of the following is not a form of synaptic plasticity?

The neurotransmitter _____ is associated with the experience of pleasure and motivation; whereas _____ is associated with the experience of relaxation and calmness.

Communication within neurons is _____; whereas communication between neurons is _____

The process through which new connections are made between active neurons to create alternate neural pathways in response to a brain injury is called synaptic

A mosquito lands on your arm. You watch it carefully then move your hand to swat it. Your sensation and response are due to _____ activity.

Regulation of the sleep–wake cycle is predominantly influenced by

Too little dopamine in the brain is most strongly associated with

Access all questions and much more by creating a free account

Similar Resources on Wayground

Popular Resources on Wayground

Discover more resources for Other

Sensory pathways carry information to the _ and motor pathways carry information from the _

The neurotransmitter _ is associated with the experience of pleasure and motivation; whereas _ is associated with the experience of relaxation and calmness.

Communication within neurons is _; whereas communication between neurons is _