CBA #1 Review

Proteins — Monomer

• Nucleotide

• Fatty acid

• Amino acid

• Monosaccharide

Prokaryotes — DNA Shape

• Prokaryotes have linear DNA.

• Prokaryotes have circular DNA.

• Prokaryotes have double-helix DNA.

• Prokaryotes have fragmented DNA.

Carbohydrates — Function

• Carbohydrates provide quick energy and short-term energy storage.

• Carbohydrates are primarily used for long-term energy storage.

• Carbohydrates are essential for protein synthesis.

• Carbohydrates are the main component of cell membranes.

Nucleic Acids — Written Composition

• Nucleic acids are short chains of amino acids connected together.

• Nucleic acids are long chains of nucleotides connected together.

• Nucleic acids are composed of fatty acids and glycerol.

• Nucleic acids are simple sugars connected together.

Eukaryotes — Complexity and Size

• Eukaryotes are usually less than 5 micrometers in size.

• Eukaryotes are larger and more complex, usually over 10 micrometers.

• Eukaryotes are unicellular organisms only.

• Eukaryotes lack a defined nucleus.

Lipids — Elemental Composition

• Lipids are made mostly of carbon and hydrogen with a small amount of oxygen (CHO, but not in a fixed ratio).

• Lipids are primarily composed of nitrogen and sulfur.

• Lipids consist mainly of carbon, oxygen, and phosphorus in equal ratios.

• Lipids are made up of only carbon and hydrogen without any oxygen.

Cell Wall — Function

• The cell wall provides structure and support in plants, fungi, and some bacteria.

• The cell wall is primarily responsible for photosynthesis in plants.

• The cell wall allows for the movement of nutrients and waste in and out of the cell.

• The cell wall protects the cell from viral infections.

Carbohydrates — Written Composition

• Carbohydrates follow a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

• Carbohydrates consist only of carbon and hydrogen.

• Carbohydrates are made up of amino acids and fatty acids.

• Carbohydrates have a 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen.

Carbohydrates — Polymers

• Polymers of carbohydrates include proteins and lipids.

• Polymers of carbohydrates include polysaccharides like starch, glycogen, and cellulose.

• Polymers of carbohydrates are primarily made of amino acids.

• Polymers of carbohydrates are simple sugars.

Eukaryotes — Membrane-Bound Organelles

• Mitochondria

• Ribosomes

• Nucleus

• Cytoplasm