Quizs- Ch 3 Properties of Water

"Like dissolves like"

• Polar substances can dissolve nonpolar substances.

• Nonpolar substances can dissolve polar substances.

• Substances with similar properties tend to dissolve in each other.

• Only ionic compounds can dissolve in water.

Compounds that are hydrophilic

• Compounds that repel water and are insoluble in it.

• Compounds that are 'water loving' and are soluble in water, such as sugars and salts.

• Compounds that are neutral and do not interact with water.

• Compounds that are only found in organic chemistry.

The ringed seal and the black-throated loon (bird) are medium-sized arctic organisms that spend time on land and in water. Compare the effects of Specific heat on both organisms.

• Water has a low specific heat capacity, making it more variable in temperature than air.

• Water has a high specific heat capacity, providing a more stable thermal environment for the seal than the air does for the loon.

• The air temperature is more stable than water temperature, affecting the seal more than the loon.

• Both organisms are equally affected by the specific heat of air and water.

Ringed seal and black-throated loon

• The ringed seal and the black-throated loon are large oceanic creatures.

• The ringed seal and the black-throated loon are medium-sized arctic organisms that spend time on land and in water.

• The ringed seal and the black-throated loon are small freshwater animals.

• The ringed seal and the black-throated loon are exclusively terrestrial species.

Benefits of having a density close to water

• Less energy is needed to float at a particular depth.

• Increased buoyancy in saltwater environments.

• Ability to sink quickly in freshwater.

• Greater resistance to water currents.

Bony fish adaptation for buoyancy

• Bony fish have an air-filled swim bladder to control overall density.

• Bony fish have a large dorsal fin to help them float.

• Bony fish use their gills to regulate buoyancy.

• Bony fish have a heavy skeleton to maintain depth.

Polar compounds and water

• Charged regions of polar water molecules are attracted to oppositely charged regions of other polar molecules (e.g., glucose).

• Polar water molecules repel non-polar molecules, preventing them from mixing.

• Polar compounds dissolve in non-polar solvents due to their similar properties.

• Water molecules have no effect on the solubility of polar compounds.

Viscosity

• The measure of a fluid's resistance to flow due to internal friction.

• The temperature at which a fluid boils.

• The density of a fluid compared to water.

• The ability of a fluid to conduct electricity.

Nonpolar compounds and water

• Nonpolar compounds are attracted to water and are soluble in it.

• Nonpolar compounds have a symmetric distribution in charge and are not soluble in water.

• Nonpolar compounds can easily dissolve in water, like salt.

• Nonpolar compounds are always liquid at room temperature.

Water is a versatile solvent due to its polarity.

• Water can dissolve many substances and is often called 'the universal solvent'.

• Water is a poor conductor of electricity.

• Water has a high boiling point due to its non-polar nature.

• Water cannot dissolve ionic compounds.