Chem 140 Chpt 1 Review

there are ___ electrons to each covalent bond

the number of of bonds an atom has

• Valence

• Hybrid orbitals

• double headed arrows

• single headed arrows

• reaction mechanisms

a hybridization of s- and p- orbitals (ex: sp³ , sp², sp)

• Valence

• Hybrid orbitals

• double headed arrows

• single headed arrows

• reaction mechanisms

represent the movement of 2 electrons in a reaction mechanism

• Valence

• Hybrid orbitals

• double headed arrows

• single headed arrows

• reaction mechanisms

represent the movement of 1 electron in free radical processes

• Valence

• Hybrid orbitals

• double headed arrows

• single headed arrows

• reaction mechanisms

explains step by step how reactions work and are often governed by reactivity of functional groups

• Valence

• Hybrid orbitals

• double headed arrows

• single headed arrows

• reaction mechanisms

shows where the electrons are leaving from

• the tail of the arrow

• the head of the arrow

shows where the electrons are going

• the tail of the arrow

• the head of the arrow

has 4 natural bonds

• carbon

• hydrogen

• oxygen

• nitrogen

• F (x)

has 1 natural bond

• carbon

• hydrogen

• oxygen

• nitrogen

• F (x)