Module 0.1-0.3 Practice Quiz

Which qualities do scientists possess?

• Curiosity, skepticism, and confidence

• Curiosity, skepticism, and humility

• Analytical, skepticism, and confidence

• Focus, skepticism, and stubbornness

Which two questions exemplify the scientific attitude?

• What do you mean? How do you know?

• Who believes you? What are their qualifications?

• How common is this answer? How many people agree?

• Is this an established truth? How long has it been considered fact?

The hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to

• dismiss the value of replication.

• reject any ideas that cannot be scientifically tested.

• exaggerate their ability to have foreseen the outcome of past events.

• assume that correlation proves causation.

Professor Smith told one class that alcohol consumption has been found to increase sexual desire. He informed another class that alcohol consumption has been found to reduce sexual appetite. The fact that neither class was surprised by the information they received best illustrates the power of

• overconfidence.

• replication.

• the hindsight bias.

• the double-blind procedure.

According to Emily's grandfather, Adolf Hitler's obvious emotional instability made it clear from the beginning days of his international conflicts that Germany would inevitably lose World War II. The grandfather's claim best illustrates

• the hindsight bias.

• illusory correlation.

• overconfidence.

• an illusion of control.

Our tendency to believe we know more than we do illustrates

• naturalistic observation.

• illusory correlation.

• overconfidence.

• the standard deviation.

Political officials who have no doubt that their own economic and military predictions will come true most clearly demonstrate

• illusory correlation.

• random sampling.

• overconfidence.

• the placebo effect.

Dr. Donelian wants to reduce his students' perception that psychological experiments merely document the obvious. His best strategy would be to ask the students to

• describe how experimental hypotheses were derived from basic psychological principles.

• predict the outcomes of experiments before they are told the actual results.

• explain the outcomes of experiments after they are told the actual results.

• personally engage in naturalistic observation.

According to Professor Alrahami, we like people who like us because their affection for us boosts our own self-esteem as part of a larger work on attraction. His idea is an example of

• naturalistic observation.

• illusory correlation.

• hindsight bias.

• a theory.

What do scientists call an explanation that organizes observations and predicts future behaviors or events?

• hypothesis

• theory

• critical thinking

• operational definition