25-26 Unit 2: Genetics Review

What is true about a dominant trait?

• It is expressed in the phenotype.

• It is represented by a lowercase letter.

• It is only visible if two alleles for the trait are present.

• It is not visible in a person who is heterozygous.

Examine the Punnett square. When the Punnett square is complete, what will the data in the four individual squares represent?

• most likely phenotypes in the offspring

• possible allele pairs in the offspring

• traits that will be inherited by four different offspring

• traits that are a result of random mutations in the offspring

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

A cross between 2 tall pea plant parents produced 3 tall pea plant offspring for every 1 short pea plant offspring. Which statement explains the 3:1 phenotypic offspring ratio?

• Both the parents were homozygous dominant.

• Both the parents were heterozygous.

• One parent was homozygous dominant while the other parent was homozygous recessive.

• One parent was heterozygous while the other parent was homozygous recessive.

In the swallowtail butterfly, the allele for black wings (B) is dominant over the allele for yellow wings (b). A cross between two black-wing butterflies produces a yellow-wing butterfly. What are the correct genotype and phenotype of the offspring?

• genotype Bb, phenotype yellow wings

• genotype yellow wings, phenotype Bb

• genotype bb, phenotype yellow wings

• genotype yellow wings, phenotype bb

In certain dogs, the wire hair gene is dominant over the smooth hair gene. A breeder crossed two dogs and obtained a puppy with smooth hair. Which statement is true about inheritance of the trait by the puppy?

• The puppy inherited two recessive alleles, one from each parent.

• The puppy inherited two dominant alleles, one from each parent.

• The puppy inherited two recessive alleles from the same parent.

• The puppy inherited two dominant alleles from the same parent.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

A researcher studies the inheritance of a particular trait in pigs to determine whether the type of ears (rigid or drooping) of offspring born to three pairs of pigs is an inherited trait. The table shows the data collected. Parent Genotypes | Total Number of Offspring | Number of Offspring with Drooping Ears | Number of Offspring with Rigid Ears 2 homozygous pigs | 18 | 0 | 18 2 homozygous pigs | 15 | 15 | 0 2 heterozygous pigs | 16 | 12 | 4 What can be concluded about the inheritance of ear type in pigs?

• A. Drooping ears are more common in pigs.

• B. Rigid ears are more common in pigs.

• C. Rigid ears is a dominant trait, and drooping ears is a recessive trait.

• D. Drooping ears is a dominant trait, and rigid ears is a recessive trait.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

What type of information is encoded within genes?

• A. Genes are sections of proteins that code for specific DNA sequences.

• B. Genes are sections of proteins that code for specific cells.

• C. Genes are sections of DNA that code for specific proteins.

• D. Genes are sections of cells that code for specific proteins.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

How does the process of meiosis influence the formation of the zygote, the cell that is formed from the union of two sex cells?

• Meiosis creates sex cells each with half the chromosomes that will be transferred to the zygote.

• Meiosis removes the need for DNA replication, allowing for quicker formation of the zygote.

• Meiosis ensures that the genetic information from the parent cells remains the same in the zygote.

• Meiosis removes mutated DNA from the sex cells prior to the formation of the zygote.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

An organism has a mutation in a gene that blocks its function. What effect will the mutation have on the organism?

• The organism will be unable to replace cells through mitosis.

• The organism will not produce the protein coded by the gene.

• The organism will have fewer chromosomes.

• The organism will create more daughter cells from meiosis.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Determine the phenotype for each genotype. Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers. PP = ______

• purple

• white

• pink

• yellow