HMS - FA1: Health for Individuals and Communities

An individual fractures their leg and becomes isolated from their friendship group. Which two dimensions of health are most likely to be affected?

• Spiritual and mental

• Physical and spiritual

• 
  Physical and social

• Emotional and spiritual

Answer explanation

A leg fracture affects physical health due to injury, and social health due to isolation from friends.

Which of the following is NOT measured through epidemiology?

• Hospital admissions

• The number of births in a given year

• The number of deaths for a specific disease

• The quality of life experienced by individuals

Answer explanation

Epidemiology provides data and information about disease, injury, illness and death, not subjective experiences like quality of life.

The number of cases of a disease in a population at a specific time is known as:

• epidemiology

• morbidity

• incidence
• prevalence

Answer explanation

Prevalence refers to the total number of cases of a disease in a population at a specific time.

The Royal Flying Doctor Service providing healthcare to very remote locations is an example of which social justice principle?

• Rights

• Equity
• Access
• Participation

Answer explanation

The Royal Flying Doctor Service ensures healthcare access to remote locations.

When resources are allocated in accordance with the needs of individuals and populations with the desired goal of equality of outcomes, it is known as:

• Equity
• Equality

• Social Justice

• Fairness

Answer explanation

Equity involves allocating resources based on individual needs so that disadvantaged groups can be provided with the opportunity to attain positive health outcomes.

Which of the following are considered protective factors?

• Non-smoker and regular physical activity

• Smoking and consuming a balanced diet

• Regular physical activity and risky alcohol consumption

• Sedentary lifestyle and responsible use of prescription drugs

Answer explanation

Being a non-smoker and undertaking regular physical activity are protective factors as they contribute to better health.

Which of the following trends in mortality rates is true?

• Infant mortality rates have increased in Australia over the past two decades.

• Mortality rates for dementia including Alzheimer’s disease have increased in recent years.

• Suicide rates are higher in major cities than in remote populations.

• Bowel cancer is the leading cause of death for all cancers.

Answer explanation

Infant mortality rates have declined, suicide rates are higher in remote areas, and lung cancer is the leading cause of death for all cancers.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the influence of the media on health?

• Individuals with lower socioeconomic status have better access to a variety of media channels.

• Media literacy is not influenced by education levels.

• Health education and promotion campaigns may vary in effectiveness across different socioeconomic groups.

• The media’s portrayal of health issues is consistent regardless of socioeconomic characteristics.

Answer explanation

The effectiveness of media campaigns can vary based on access, understanding and relevance to different groups.

Is the following statement true or false? Health is considered dynamic, as it is constantly changing throughout the course of our lives.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

Health is dynamic and changes throughout a person’s life due to factors such as age, lifestyle and environment.

Is the following statement true or false? A health continuum can be used to track a person’s level of health over time.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

A health continuum can be used to track changes in a person’s health status over time, as well as to record an individual’s current health status.