Genetics and Mutations

What is transformation in genetics?

• A process where an organism takes up foreign DNA from its environment, resulting in a change in its characteristics.

• A method of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.

• A technique used to clone genes in a laboratory setting.

• A type of mutation that occurs during DNA replication.

What is an insertion mutation?

• An insertion mutation occurs when one or more nucleotide pairs are added into a DNA sequence.

• An insertion mutation occurs when one or more nucleotide pairs are deleted from a DNA sequence.

• An insertion mutation is a type of mutation that changes the sequence of amino acids in a protein.

• An insertion mutation occurs when a single nucleotide is replaced by another nucleotide.

What does the genotype RrYy represent?

• A homozygous individual for two traits

• A heterozygous individual for two traits, where 'R' and 'Y' are dominant alleles.

• An individual with one dominant and one recessive allele for each trait

• A recessive individual for both traits

What is the significance of mutations in evolution?

• They are a source of genetic variation, which is essential for evolution and natural selection.

• They always lead to harmful effects on organisms.

• They have no impact on the genetic diversity of a population.

• They are only beneficial in a controlled laboratory environment.

What is the S strain in genetics?

• A virulent strain of bacteria that can cause disease, such as the strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

• A non-virulent strain of bacteria that is harmless to humans.

• A strain of bacteria used in laboratory experiments that has no effect on health.

• A strain of bacteria that is resistant to all known antibiotics.

What is a mutation?

• A change in the DNA sequence of an organism's genome.

• A process of cell division that produces two identical cells.

• A type of genetic engineering used to create new species.

• A method of DNA replication that occurs during mitosis.

What is a nonsense mutation?

• A mutation that does not affect protein function.

• A type of point mutation that creates a premature stop codon, leading to a truncated protein.

• A mutation that results in a longer protein than normal.

• A mutation that changes one amino acid to another without affecting the overall protein structure.

What is a Punnett Square?

• A type of genetic mutation

• A diagram used to predict the genotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.

• A method for measuring genetic diversity

• A tool for analyzing protein structures.

What is a deletion mutation?

• A mutation that adds one or more nucleotide pairs to a DNA sequence.

• A mutation that replaces one or more nucleotide pairs in a DNA sequence.

• A deletion mutation occurs when one or more nucleotide pairs are removed from a DNA sequence.

• A mutation that causes the DNA sequence to become completely inactive.

What is a point substitution mutation?

• A change in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence.

• A deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence.

• An insertion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence.

• A rearrangement of the DNA sequence.