Chapter 5 review

Cari and Emma are both studying food chains of the forest. Cari has identified

the food chain shown here.

Sun ---> oak tree ---> squirrel ---> snake ---> coyote

What must this food chain have in common with a food chain that Emma identifies?

• Both food chains include consumers only, without any producers.

• Both food chains begin with the Sun, then a producer, and then one or more

  consumers.

• Both food chains begin with the Sun and several producers.

• Both food chains begin and end with the Sun, so energy flows in an endless cycle.

True or false, this is the correct

order for describing a food chain.

1. Energy from the Sun is captured by producers.

2. Energy passes from producers to consumers that eat them.

3. Energy passes from prey to predators.

4. Energy passes through more predators to reach a top predator, who is not eaten.

• True
• False

Violet and Carter are studying feeding relationships in the ocean. They draw the

following diagram to show one ocean food chain.

Sun ---> plankton ---> small fish ---> large fish ---> seal ---> orca whale

What is the role of plankton in the food web?

• Plankton are predators that return nutrients to the water.

• Plankton are consumers that use the Sun’s energy to make food.

• Plankton are consumers that compete with animals for food.

• Plankton are producers that provide food for all other members of the food web.

The science class has been studying the characteristics of a tree that is growing

near the school.

Which characteristic of the tree was affected by the environment and not inherited?

• the shape of the leaves

• the texture and hardness of the wood

• the green color of the leaves

• the number and lengths of branches

Spiders get food by spinning webs. Insects become trapped in the spider web.

Which observation shows that web spinning is inherited in spiders and not learned?

• Spiders do not get trapped in their webs

• Apart from spiders, only a few kinds of animals spin webs

• If a spider’s web is destroyed, then the spider will build a new one

• Young spiders can spin their first web without ever having seen a web

The photo shows kudzu growing over a tree. Kudzu vines were once planted widely

in the southeast United States, but the plant is now recognized to be harmful.

What damage does kudzu cause?

• Kudzu grows so fast that it takes resources from other plants.

• Kudzu allows the soil below it to be blown from place to place.

• Kudzu grows its roots into the bark and wood of trees.

• Kudzu adds carbon dioxide to the air and removes oxygen

Elana’s family is planning a car trip to many regions of the United States. Elana

plans to compare the trees that she observes in the different regions of the country.

Which trees will Elana find more often in the northern states than in Florida?

• palm trees near coastlines

• lemon trees that produce fruit all year long

• mangrove trees that grow in salty marshes

• maple trees that become dormant over winter

The science class is studying the birds of Florida, including birds that live in Florida

for only part of the year. Why do many birds live in Florida for only part of the year, not

the full year?

• The birds hibernate during the winter

• Migrating birds come to Florida in the winter to avoid cold weather elsewhere

• Florida’s winter weather is too cold for many birds

• Migrating birds come to Florida in the summer to avoid hot weather elsewhere.

Clover's team is comparing a variety of ecosystems, including deserts, forests,

meadows, and swamps and other wetlands. How does energy travel through all of

these ecosystems?

• Energy flows from the Sun to a producer and then to a series of consumers.

• Energy cycles as it passes back and forth between producers and consumers.

• Energy flows from a producer, then to air and water, and then to a series of

  consumers

• Energy cycles as it passes back and forth between living and nonliving things

Tia and Julian are planting a native tree near their school.

Which of the following will NOT be a result of planting a native tree?

• It can help native animals by providing food and shelter.

• It will become invasive and harm the environment

• It can help improve air quality around the school

• It can help reduce competition with invasive plants.