Urinary System and Kidney Function Quiz

Name the parts of a nephron and describe the role each component plays in the formation of urine.

• Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting duct; they filter blood, collect filtrate, reabsorb nutrients, concentrate urine, and transport urine respectively.

• Alveoli, bronchi, trachea, and diaphragm; they exchange gases, transport air, filter air, and assist in breathing respectively.

• Atria, ventricles, valves, and septum; they receive blood, pump blood, prevent backflow, and separate chambers respectively.

• Cortex, medulla, cerebellum, and brainstem; they process information, regulate hormones, coordinate movement, and control basic functions respectively.

Explain how the kidneys act as vital organs in maintaining homeostasis.

• By filtering blood, regulating electrolytes, maintaining acid-base balance, and controlling blood pressure.

• By producing insulin, regulating blood sugar, detoxifying substances, and storing glycogen.

• By exchanging gases, maintaining oxygen levels, removing carbon dioxide, and regulating pH.

• By digesting food, absorbing nutrients, eliminating waste, and producing bile.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Explain the importance of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion in urine formation.

• They ensure waste removal, nutrient recovery, and balance of body fluids.

• They facilitate digestion, absorption, and elimination of food.

• They regulate breathing, oxygen intake, and carbon dioxide removal.

• They control muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and hormone release.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

How many kidneys are present in the human urinary system?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Where are the kidneys located in relation to the parietal peritoneum?

• Intraperitoneal

• Retroperitoneal

• Subperitoneal

• Supraperitoneal

What is the outer part of the kidney called?

• Renal medulla

• Renal cortex

• Renal pelvis

• Renal papilla

Which part of the kidney is described as the inner portion?

• Renal cortex

• Renal pelvis

• Renal medulla

• Renal columns

What are the triangular divisions of the medulla of the kidney known as?

• Renal columns

• Renal papillae

• Renal pyramids

• Renal cortex

What is the microscopic filtrating unit of the kidney called?

• Nephron

• Glomerulus

• Renal corpuscle

• Collecting duct

What is one of the primary functions of the kidneys related to waste management?

• Produces insulin

• Excretes toxins and nitrogenous wastes

• Synthesizes proteins

• Absorbs nutrients

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3