6th P2 Exam Review (25-26)

You see two samples under a microscope: one has cells with green structures and a cell wall; the other looks like smooth crystals. Which is living? How do you know?

A student is hit by a ball and moves away instantly. Which body systems are involved and how do they work together to make this reaction happen?

Which organelle is responsible for capturing sunlight in a plant?

• Mitochondria

• Chloroplast

• Cell membrane

• Nucleus

Explain why a cell without a mitochondrion would have trouble surviving.

An engineer wants to improve a bicycle helmet to protect against brain injuries. How could they apply the engineering design process to solve this problem?

Which type of reproduction creates more genetic variation?

• A. Asexual

• B. Sexual

• C. Cloning

• D. Mitosis

Give one advantage and one disadvantage of sexual reproduction.

• Advantage: More variation = better survival. Disadvantage: Slower, needs two parents.

• Advantage: Less variation = better survival. Disadvantage: Faster, needs one parent.

• Advantage: No variation = better survival. Disadvantage: Slower, needs two parents.

• Advantage: More variation = worse survival. Disadvantage: Faster, needs one parent.

A baby kangaroo is born with a rare mutation that makes its fur white instead of brown. In its environment, white fur makes it easier to spot. Is this mutation helpful, harmful, or neutral? Explain.

What is the difference between a genotype and a phenotype?

• Genotype = the genes (like TT, Tt, tt); Phenotype = how it looks (like tall or short)

• Genotype = physical appearance; Phenotype = genetic makeup

• Genotype = inherited traits; Phenotype = acquired traits

• Genotype = dominant traits only; Phenotype = recessive traits only

Farmers grow strawberries using cloning (asexual reproduction). What is one benefit and one risk of doing this, especially when all plants are identical?