DNA Replication Concepts

What is the primary purpose of DNA replication?

• To create new proteins

• To make an exact copy of itself

• To produce RNA

• To repair damaged DNA

In eukaryotic cells, during which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

• G1 phase

• S phase

• G2 phase

• M phase

The Meselson-Stahl experiment concluded that DNA replication is what type of process?

• Conservative

• Dispersive

• Semiconservative

• Non-replicative

What does it mean for DNA strands to be anti-parallel?

• They run in the same chemical direction.

• They are composed of different nucleotides.

• They run in opposite chemical directions.

• They are not bonded together.

What is the primary function of helicase and single-strand binding proteins during DNA replication?

• To synthesize new DNA strands.

• To unwind the DNA double helix and stabilize the separated strands.

• To join Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.

• To add RNA primers to the DNA template.

In which direction does DNA polymerase add new nucleotides to a growing DNA strand?

• Only in the 5' to 3' direction.

• Only in the 3' to 5' direction.

• In both 5' to 3' and 3' to 5' directions simultaneously.

• Randomly, depending on the available nucleotides.

What is the role of RNA primase and DNA ligase in the synthesis of the lagging strand during DNA replication?

• RNA primase unwinds the DNA, and DNA ligase synthesizes new DNA.

• RNA primase adds RNA primers, and DNA ligase joins DNA fragments.

• RNA primase removes RNA primers, and DNA ligase repairs errors.

• RNA primase synthesizes Okazaki fragments, and DNA ligase stabilizes the strand.

Which enzyme is responsible for removing RNA primers during DNA replication?

• Helicase

• DNA polymerase I

• DNA ligase

• Topoisomerase

What are Okazaki fragments?

• Short RNA sequences synthesized on the leading strand

• Short DNA fragments synthesized on the lagging strand

• Enzymes involved in DNA replication

• Proteins that stabilize single-stranded DNA