HMP & Uronic Acid Pathway

The uronic acid pathway primarily converts glucose into:

• Fructose

• Glucuronic acid

• Galactose

• Sorbitol

A key physiological role of the uronic acid pathway is:

• ATP production

• Generation of NADPH

• Detoxification and conjugation of bilirubin, drugs, and hormones

• Synthesis of nucleotides

Which vitamin is synthesized in animals via the uronic acid pathway but not in humans?

• Vitamin D

• Vitamin A

• Vitamin C

• Vitamin B

What is the starting substrate of the uronic acid pathway?

• Glucose-6-phosphate

• UDP-glucose

• Fructose-6-phosphate

• Galactose-1-phosphate

Which of the following is NOT a product or role of the uronic acid pathway

• Glucuronic acid

• Xylulose

• Ascorbic acid

• NADPH

The primary function of the oxidative phase of the HMP shunt is:

• ATP generation

• NADPH production

• Riboflavin synthesis

• Conversion of lactate to glucose

The non-oxidative phase of the HMP shunt provides:

• Glucose

• Ribose-5-phosphate

• Pyruvate

• Lactate

Which enzyme is the rate-limiting step of the HMP shunt?

• Transketolase

• Glucose-6-phosphatase

• Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

• Phosphoglucomutase

A deficiency in G6PD impairs the HMP shunt, making red blood cells susceptible to

• Hypoxia

• Oxidative damage and hemolysis

• DNA mutations

• Hypoglycemia

Transketolase, an enzyme in the non-oxidative phase, requires which cofactor?

• Vitamin B6

• Vitamin B1

• Vitamin B3

• Vitamin B2