Australia

Who were the original inhabitants of Australia before colonization?

• British settlers

• Aborigines

• Chinese immigrants

• Convicts

What kind of lifestyle did the Aboriginal communities have before British arrival?

• Farmers and city builders

• Skilled hunters, fishermen, and gatherers

• Nomadic without social structures

• Dependent on European trade

Why did Britain look to Australia in the late 18th century?

• To discover gold

• To build a trading port

• To send its convicts after losing the American colonies

• To establish a new monarchy

Between 1788 and 1868, how many convicts were transported to Australia?

• 16,000

• 60,000

• 160,000

• 600,000

What was the name of the first fleet’s captain in 1788?

• James Cook

• Arthur Phillip

• William Bligh

• John Smith

Why did the settlers move from Botany Bay to Port Jackson?

• Botany Bay was unsuitable for settlement

• They found gold in Port Jackson

• Aborigines invited them there

• It was closer to Britain

What city grew from the first British settlement at Port Jackson?

• Melbourne

• Perth

• Brisbane

• Sydney

What were some challenges faced by early settlers?

• Harsh climate and food shortages

• Easy access to resources

• Support from Aboriginal communities

• Abundance of gold

What were the “Frontier Wars”?

• Conflicts between Britain and France

• Armed resistance by Aboriginal groups

• Battles between convicts and settlers

• War between settlers and gold miners

Which Aboriginal leaders are remembered as symbols of resistance?

• Bennelong and William Buckley

• Ned Kelly and John Batman

• James Cook and Arthur Phillip

• Pemulwuy and Jandamarra