B.5.A Biomolecules

Cellulose

• Main component of plant cell walls

• Primary energy source for plants

• Structural protein in animal cells

• Component of fungal cell walls

Monomer

• A molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.

• A type of protein that serves as a catalyst in biochemical reactions.

• A large molecule made up of many smaller units called monomers.

• A simple sugar that is a building block of carbohydrates.

Biomolecules

• Organic molecules which combine to form living organisms; includes carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

• Inorganic compounds that are essential for life processes.

• Simple sugars that provide energy to cells.

• Complex structures that do not play a role in biological functions.

Protein

• Macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair.

• A type of carbohydrate that provides energy to the body.

• A lipid that stores energy and insulates the body.

• A nucleic acid that carries genetic information.

Carbohydrate

• Broken down to simple sugars, functions as Quick Energy.

• Stored as fat for long-term energy.

• Converted to protein for muscle repair.

• Used primarily for cellular structure.

Macromolecule

• A small inorganic molecule

• A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules.

• A type of protein found in cells

• A simple sugar used for energy

Enzyme

• A type of carbohydrate that provides energy to cells.

• A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing.

• A type of lipid that stores energy in the body.

• A type of nucleic acid that carries genetic information.

Nitrogen base

• The chemicals that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder. A-T and C-G match.

• A type of protein that helps in DNA replication.

• A sugar molecule that forms part of the DNA structure.

• A lipid that stores genetic information.

Chitin

• a fibrous substance consisting of polysaccharides found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and the cell wall of fungi.

• a type of protein found in the muscles of vertebrates.

• a carbohydrate that serves as a primary energy source in plants.

• a lipid that forms the cell membrane of bacteria.

Fatty Acid

• Building Blocks of Proteins.

• Building Blocks of Carbohydrates.

• Building Blocks of Lipids.

• Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids.