D71 FACE THE CHALLENGE

Which type of shallow foundation is known as strip footing?

• Spread footing for a column
• Spread footing for a wall
• Pad footing
• Sloped footing

Answer explanation

Strip footing is spread footing provided for a wall.

Cup defect in timber is indicated by curvature formed in which direction?

• Length of timber
• Transverse direction
• Diagonal direction
• Radial direction

Answer explanation

Cup is curvature across the transverse direction of timber.

Which stone is brittle, crystalline, and difficult to work and dress?

• Sandstone
• Quartzite
• Marble
• Slate

Answer explanation

Quartzite is hard, brittle, crystalline, and difficult to work and dress.

What is the polygon with 7 sides called?

• Heptagon
• Hexagon
• Octagon
• Nonagon

Answer explanation

A heptagon has 7 sides.

Which RCC structural component forms the floor surface in framed buildings?

• Slab
• Beam
• Column
• Lintel

Answer explanation

Slabs are horizontal components forming the floor or roof surface.

In counterfort retaining walls, the vertical slab is called:

• Toe
• Heel
• Stem
• Base

Answer explanation

The stem is the vertical slab of a retaining wall.

Inclined lines in technical drawings are drawn using:

• T-square only
• Protractor
• Set-square
• Mini drafter

Answer explanation

Inclined lines are easily drawn using a mini drafter.

Which stone has compressive strength ranging from 770 to 1300 kg/cm²?

• Slate
• Granite
• Limestone
• Sandstone

Answer explanation

Granite is durable and has compressive strength of 770–1300 kg/cm².

Which type of line is perpendicular to a horizontal line?

• Inclined line
• Vertical line
• Oblique line
• Parallel line

Answer explanation

Vertical lines are perpendicular to horizontal lines.

Steel formwork cost may be up to what percent of the cost of structure?

• 10%
• 15%
• 20%
• 25%

Answer explanation

Steel formwork cost can be up to 20–25% of total structure cost.