Health Financing in India

Which of the following is NOT a source of health financing in India?

• General taxation

• Health insurance

• Private expenditure

• Universal basic income

Which health financing model relies mainly on government revenue from taxes?

• Beveridge model

• Bismarck model

• Out-of-pocket model

• Mixed model

In the Bismarck model, health financing is primarily through:

• Private insurance premiums

• Social health insurance contributions

• General taxation

• Donor funding

Fragmentation in health risk pooling means:

• Pooling from a single national fund

• Multiple small and separate pools

• Complete absence of pooling

• Pooling only for private sector

Which of the following is an example of indirect cost in health economics?

• Doctor's fee

• Hospital stay charges

• Loss of income due to illness

• Cost of medicine

Opportunity cost in health economics refers to:

• The cost of missed opportunities

• The value of the next best alternative forgone

• The financial cost only

• The actual money spent

In Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, outcomes are measured in:

• Monetary terms

• QALYs

• Natural units like cases prevented

• Utility scores

The main measure in Cost-Utility Analysis is:

• DALYs

• QALYs

• Cases prevented

• Life expectancy

ICER is calculated as:

• Cost / Effect

• (Cost of B - Cost of A) / (Effect of B - Effect of A)

• Effect / Cost

• Cost of A - Cost of B

Which of the following is NOT a type of health economic evaluation?

• Cost-effectiveness analysis

• Cost-utility analysis

• Cost-minimization analysis

• Cost-competition analysis