What is the primary purpose of graphic arts or design?

• To create complex mathematical models

• To organize and compose words and images to create a visual message

• To develop software applications

• To write literary novels

How can graphic design influence individuals and society?

• By creating confusion and chaos

• By influencing behavior and improving lives

• By reducing communication and understanding

• By limiting artistic expression

What term is used to describe the pictures that stand for words or ideas in early writing?

• Hieroglyphs

• Alphabets

• Pictographs or pictograms

• Symbols

What are pictograms from ancient Egypt commonly known as?

• Hieroglyphs

• Cuneiform

• Alphabet

• Morse Code

From which ancient civilization did the English alphabet evolve?

• Egyptian

• Phoenician

• Sumerian

• Babylonian

Where was the ancient kingdom of Phoenicia located in present-day geography?

• Egypt

• Lebanon

• Greece

• Turkey

What was the state of learning and organization in the West after the fall of the Roman Empire?

• It flourished with new universities.

• It entered a time of declined learning and no central unifying organization.

• It was dominated by scientific discoveries.

• It was unified under a single government.

Where did most learning and writing continue after the fall of the Roman Empire?

• In public schools

• In universities

• In monasteries

• In government buildings

What were the hand-lettered books with brightly painted images called?

• Codices

• Scrolls

• Illuminated manuscripts

• Papyrus

What technique did the Chinese invent by 1040 CE for printing characters?

• Printing from carved stones

• Printing from individual carved blocks

• Printing from metal plates

• Printing from inked paper