What is an ecosystem and what are its components?

• Ecosystems do not include any non-living elements.

• An ecosystem is only made up of plants and animals.

• An ecosystem is a type of climate zone.

• An ecosystem consists of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components that interact in a specific environment.

Explain the concept of ecological succession.

• Ecological succession is the immediate change in an ecosystem after a natural disaster.

• Ecological succession is the gradual process of change and replacement in the species composition of an ecosystem over time.

• Ecological succession is the process of introducing non-native species to an ecosystem.

• Ecological succession refers to the sudden extinction of species in an ecosystem.

What factors influence population dynamics in an ecosystem?

• Birth rates, death rates, immigration, emigration, resource availability, predation, disease, and environmental conditions.

• Climate change effects

• Animal migration patterns

• Soil composition

Define genetic drift and its significance in population genetics.

• Genetic drift is the study of how traits are inherited from parents to offspring.

• Genetic drift is a deliberate process that increases allele frequencies in a population.

• Genetic drift is a random process that affects allele frequencies in a population, significant for understanding evolution and genetic diversity.

• Genetic drift is a method used to select the fittest individuals in a population.

What is the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

• The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that mutations are the primary driver of evolution.

• The Hardy-Weinberg principle explains how natural selection leads to genetic drift.

• The Hardy-Weinberg principle is a method for measuring population size.

• The Hardy-Weinberg principle describes the genetic equilibrium in a population where allele frequencies remain constant across generations.

Describe the structure and function of plant cell types.

• The main types of plant cells are only root and leaf cells.

• The main types of plant cells are parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem, and phloem, each serving specific functions in support, storage, and transport.

• Plant cells do not have any specialized functions.

• Animal cells are primarily composed of muscle and nerve cells.

What are the main differences between monocots and dicots?

• Monocots have vascular bundles in a ring and taproots.

• Dicots have flower parts in multiples of three and fibrous roots.

• Monocots have one cotyledon, parallel leaf venation, flower parts in multiples of three, fibrous roots, and scattered vascular bundles; dicots have two cotyledons, net-like leaf venation, flower parts in multiples of four or five, taproots, and vascular bundles in a ring.

• Monocots have two cotyledons and net-like leaf venation.

How do plants adapt to their environment?

• Plants adapt by changing their color to attract more sunlight.

• Plants adapt by producing more seeds regardless of conditions.

• Plants adapt to their environment by modifying their structures and behaviors to optimize survival and growth.

• Plants adapt by growing taller to compete for space.

What is the role of photosynthesis in plant physiology?

• Photosynthesis produces carbon dioxide as a byproduct for plant respiration.

• Photosynthesis provides energy and organic compounds for plant growth and sustains the ecosystem.

• Photosynthesis is primarily responsible for water uptake in plants.

• Photosynthesis absorbs nutrients from the soil for plant growth.

Explain the process of cellular respiration in animals.

• Cellular respiration in animals consists of Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain.

• Krebs Cycle, Calvin Cycle, and Oxidative Phosphorylation

• Glycolysis, Lactic Acid Cycle, and Fatty Acid Oxidation

• Photosynthesis, Fermentation, and Nitrogen Fixation