REVISION III

Which of the following best describes a sine wave in EEG analysis?

• A sharp and broken line

• A wave that only appears during sleep

• A random pattern that does not repeat

• A smooth, continuous wave that repeats in time

When performing an EEG for ECI determination, why is it important to confirm amplifier sensitivity settings?

• To reduce the chance of detecting cardiac artifact

• To amplify muscle artifacts for better differentiation

• To ensure the EEG machine doesn't overheat during prolonged recordings

• To make sure any residual cerebral activity of low amplitude can be detected

What is the purpose of adjusting the sampling rate in long-term EEG monitoring?

• To reduce the amount of data recorded

• To improve the resolution of EEG waveforms

• To synchronize the video recording with EEG data

• To prevent electrode noise from appearing in the data

What is the recommended high-pass filter setting for long-term EEG to preserve low-frequency brain activity?

• 5 Hz to enhance spike detection

• 2 Hz to reduce sweating artifacts

• 0.5 Hz to avoid losing slow waveforms

• 10 Hz for better phase reversal visibility

What does a bipolar montage measure?

• The signal from a single electrode to a distant reference point

• The average signal from multiple electrodes across the entire scalp

• The difference between electrodes placed over the same cortical region

• The electrical potential difference between two adjacent electrodes

What does "burst suppression" indicate in an EEG?

• High-amplitude waves interspersed with flat periods

• A pattern of rapid, rhythmic spikes seen during seizure activity

• A state of reduced brain wave activity seen during slow-wave sleep

• A normal transition phase between sleep stages with rhythmic waves

What role does the brainstem play in EEG wave generation?

• The brainstem controls the rhythmic generation of delta waves during deep sleep

• The brainstem primarily generates high-frequency beta waves seen during intense mental activity

• The brainstem has no involvement in EEG wave generation, as its role is limited to basic life functions

• The brainstem generates theta waves and directly modulates the alpha rhythms in the cortex during periods of relaxation

How do brainstem nuclei influence EEG during sleep-wake transitions?

• They modulate thalamocortical circuits to shift EEG frequencies

• Brainstem nuclei control peripheral motor responses unrelated to EEG signals

• Brainstem nuclei only affect autonomic functions, not cortical EEG rhythms

• Brainstem nuclei synchronize cerebellar output to regulate REM and NREM states

A routine EEG shows high-voltage sharp waves over the centrotemporal region during sleep in a child with no cognitive impairment. What does this most likely indicate?

• Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes

• Infantile spasms with hypsarrhythmic background

• Focal cortical dysplasia causing epileptic encephalopathy

• Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy with secondary generalization

A patient with a history of generalized tonic-clonic seizures presents for EEG. The report notes generalized 3 Hz spike-and-wave activity with a slow background. What is the most likely diagnosis?

• Lennox-Gastaut syndrome

• Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

• Childhood absence epilepsy

• Focal onset seizures with secondary generalization