Unit 1 SPICET Quiz: SPICET - Historical Thinking Skills

How did the social philosophies of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke differ regarding the "state of nature"?

• Hobbes believed people were naturally good and could govern themselves, while Locke believed they were chaotic and needed an absolute monarch.

• Both thinkers agreed that the "state of nature" was ideal and that government was an unnecessary evil.

• Hobbes viewed the "state of nature" as dangerous and chaotic, while Locke viewed it as being governed by natural law and reason.

• Locke argued for an absolute sovereign as described in Leviathan, while Hobbes argued for a government based on the consent of the governed.

What was a significant long-term social effect of excluding women and other groups from the revolutionary ideals of "liberty, equality, fraternity"?

• It immediately led to the creation of inclusive institutions that gave these groups the right to vote.

• It led to the formation of new group identities and social tensions that fueled later movements demanding equal rights.

• It caused these groups to argue in favor of Thomas Hobbes's idea of an all-powerful, absolute sovereign.

• It ended all future debates about the meaning of liberty and equality in society.

What was a major political effect of the spread of Enlightenment ideas like the social contract and natural rights?

• It provided a powerful justification for challenging tyranny and demanding government by the consent of the governed.

• It led to the establishment of monarchies across Europe.

• It resulted in the immediate abolition of all forms of government.

• It caused widespread rejection of democratic principles.

How does the English Bill of Rights show both continuity and change in political thought when compared to the Magna Carta?

• It completely reversed the Magna Carta by giving the English king absolute, unlimited power.

• It did not change anything; it was an exact copy of the Magna Carta with a different title.

• It rejected the rule of law and introduced the separation of powers for the first time.

• It continued the principle of limiting the ruler's power, but changed politics by formally establishing a constitutional monarchy and affirming Parliament's rights.

What is a key contrast between the political idea of "legitimate authority" for an absolute monarch and for an Enlightenment philosopher like John Locke?

• Absolute monarchs found legitimacy in the consent of the governed, while Locke found it in the rule of law.

• Both believed legitimacy came from the "general will" of the people, as described by Rousseau.

• Absolute monarchs often found legitimacy in divine right or heredity, while Locke argued it came from the consent of the governed.

• Locke believed legitimacy came from the "state of nature," while monarchs believed it came from the Magna Carta.

How did the geography of the British Empire directly cause a change in the political relationship between Great Britain and its American colonies?

• The great distance between the two created logistical and political challenges, making it harder to rule from afar and fueling demands for self-rule.

• The proximity allowed for easy communication and control, strengthening British rule.

• The geography led to a unified political system with no demands for independence.

• The vastness of the empire made it easy to manage and maintain control over the colonies.

What effect did the ideas of absolute monarchs have on their power?

• It weakened their power by promoting democratic principles.

• It strengthened their power by using these ideas to better control their subjects.

• It led to the creation of the United Nations in the 18th century.

• It caused a focus on Judeo-Christian traditions as the only source of authority.

Which of the following best describes John Locke's view on the source of legitimate authority?

• Divine right and heredity.

• The consent of the governed.

• The general will of the people.

• The state of nature.

The use of Greco-Roman ideas about reason and law during the Enlightenment demonstrates which cultural pattern?

• The continuity of certain classical ideas which were adapted and reused to fit new political and social contexts.

• The complete rejection of past traditions in favor of entirely new ideas.

• A cultural change from favoring reason to favoring the 'state of nature.'

• A continuity of absolute monarchy as a political value from the Roman Empire to the 18th century.

Compare the primary cultural purpose of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense with that of a biased source like Paul Revere's engraving of the Boston Massacre.

• Both were created to support the authority and political power of the British king.

• Common Sense was a foundational document establishing a government, while the engraving was a secondary source describing a government.

• Common Sense used persuasive argumentation to mobilize popular support for a political goal, while the engraving used powerful imagery to do the same.

• Both used logical argumentation to appeal to the elite, while avoiding emotional appeals.