Cog Psy III : Unit I - Chapter 3 - 4

What is the main focus of Chapter 3 in the provided learning material?

• Long-term memory

• Short-term memory

• Sensory memory

• Procedural memory

Which system is short-term memory (STM) considered a part of?

• Sensory memory system

• Working memory system

• Long-term memory system

• Procedural memory system

According to the text, what is the main difference between STM and working memory?

• STM manipulates information, while working memory only stores it

• STM stores small amounts of information, while working memory also manipulates it for complex activities

• STM is unlimited, while working memory is limited

• STM is only visual, while working memory is only verbal

Why is the digit-span test considered a useful measure of memory span?

• It measures general intelligence

• It tests both the ability to remember items and their order

• It only tests the ability to recall words

• It measures long-term memory capacity

Simple storage in short-term memory is not as simple as it seems because:

• It makes demands on other aspects of working memory, such as attentional control

• It requires no attention at all

• It only involves visual information

• It is unrelated to working memory

According to George Miller (1956), what limits memory capacity?

• The number of chunks

• The number of items

• The speed of reading

• The type of material

Which model is most closely associated with the concept of a short-term store that is part of a multicomponent working memory system?

• Atkinson and Shiffrin’s model

• Pavlov’s model

• Skinner’s model

• Freud’s model

Errors in recalling sequences of consonants are more likely to occur with acoustically similar letters because:

• The memory store relies on an acoustic code, leading to confusion between similar sounds

• Acoustically similar letters are harder to see

• Visually similar letters are always confused

• The memory store is based on meaning, not sound

What is the phonological similarity effect?

• A tendency for immediate serial recall of verbal material to be reduced when the items are similar in sound.

• A tendency for immediate serial recall to improve when items are similar in meaning.

• A tendency for long-term memory to be reduced when items are similar in sound.

• A tendency for immediate serial recall to be unaffected by item similarity.

According to Conrad’s (1964) research, which type of similarity most reduces short-term memory recall for letter sequences?

• Phonological similarity

• Semantic similarity

• Visual similarity

• Contextual similarity