Mader Exam 2 CH 4 and 5

Imagine in a cell there is no net movement of water. The amount leaving the cell and entering the cell is the same. In what type of environment is this cell found?

• hypotonic

• isotonic

• hypertonic

A researcher is studying the effects of a new drug on the endomembrane system. She notices the Golgi apparatus is not receiving any proteins and that it is not able to ship any proteins. What part of the endomembrane system was probably affected by this new drug?

As they flow over rotten logs, slime molds appear to lack any partitioning into individual cells; however, slime molds do become cellular when they change form to produce spores. In light of the cell theory that "all living things are composed of cells," then the general concept still holds because these organisms are cellular at specific stages in their life cycle.

• True

• False

Most bacteria live in a solution that is hypotonic relative to the cytoplasm of the bacteria. This means that the bacterial cell is constantly taking in water. The cell wall of a bacterium is a peptidoglycan polymer that is tightly cross-linked. This would therefore function to provide a rigid wall that prevents the cell from swelling.

• True

• False

Which of the following is NOT offered as evidence in support of the endosymbiotic theory, which proposes that eukaryotic cells have evolved as a "committee" of prokaryotic cells?

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in size and structure to some species of bacteria.

• The ribosomes of chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar to bacteria.

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts can actively break away from eukaryotic cells and live on their own.

Chloroplasts are to _photosynthesis____ as _mitochondria____are to aerobic respiration.

• True

• False

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-5

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

Proteins are to ribosomes as lipids are to ____

Insulin is synthesized in significant quantities only in beta cells in the pancreas. When the beta cell is appropriately stimulated by rising blood glucose levels, insulin is secreted from the cell by exocytosis. What organelle would be responsible for the packaging and transporting the insulin out of the cell?

Each time the water in a cell freezes slowly, long sharp crystals spear through the membrane structures of the cell. However, in the frozen state, virtually no chemical reactions occur. The most likely explanation for the bad taste of meat that has "freezer burn" from repeated freezing is the destruction
lysosomes, which results in the cell digesting itself.

• True

• False

Which of the following is true regarding the surface area-to-volume ratio needed for cells to function properly?

• A large surface-area-to-volume ratio is needed to furnish nutrients to and expel wastes from the volume (cytoplasm).

• 
  The surface area should be equal to the volume of cell in order to adequately bring nutrients in and get rid of waste.