Chapter 1 & 2 Set 1

Which type of bond connects the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule?

• Ionic bond

• Covalent bond

• Hydrogen bond

• Peptide bond

Answer explanation

Water molecules have polar covalent bonds between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms, and hydrogen bonds between water molecules.

Which property of water allows it to dissolve ionic compounds like NaCl?

• High latent heat

• Non-polar nature

• Polarity of the molecule

• Low surface tension

Answer explanation

Polar molecules are water-soluble & hydrophilic (water-loving).

Polar molecules have difficulty dissolving and passing through the lipid bilayer. While some small polar molecules like water can cross at a slow rate, larger polar molecules and ions generally cannot. 

(plasma membrane have a hydrophobic (non-polar) "core")

• Non-polar Molecule Properties:

  Non-polar molecules are those that do not have a significant difference in electronegativity between their atoms, resulting in an even distribution of charge and making them hydrophobic. 

Non-polar molecules are lipid-soluble molecules & hydrophobic (water-hating) able to cross the plasma membrane through passive diffusion due to the hydrophobic nature of the lipid bilayer.

Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

• Maltose

• Glucose

• Cellulose

• Starch

Answer explanation

Glucose is a monomer. Specifically, it is a monosaccharide, which is the basic building block of carbohydrates.

When multiple glucose molecules join together, they form larger carbohydrate polymers like starch, cellulose, and glycogen.

What is the general formula for carbohydrates?

• CHO

• CnH2nOn

• CH4

• CnH2On

Which linkage joins two α-glucose molecules to form maltose?

• α-1,6 glycosidic bond

• β-1,4 glycosidic bond

• α-1,4 glycosidic bond

• Hydrogen bond

Which polysaccharide is a major component of plant cell walls?

• Starch

• Glycogen

• Cellulose

• Chitin

Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid?

• Phospholipid

• Steroid

• Triglyceride

• Maltose

Who proposed the cell theory?

• Darwin & Wallace

• Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow

• Watson & Crick

• Hooke & Leeuwenhoek

Which is NOT a principle of the cell theory?

• All organisms are made of cells

• Cells come from pre-existing cells

• Cells are the smallest unit of life

• Cells can be made artificially in labs

Which of the following is found in prokaryotic cells but NOT in eukaryotic cells?

• Nucleoid

• Mitochondria

• Nucleus

• Golgi body

Answer explanation

The nucleoid is a region within prokaryotic cells where the genetic material (DNA) is located. It's not enclosed by a membrane like the nucleus in eukaryotic cells, and it contains the cell's chromosome(s) and other associated proteins and RN