Medicinal Chemistry

What are antineoplastic agents used for?

• To treat bacterial infections

• To prevent infections

• Antineoplastic agents are used to treat cancer.

• To reduce inflammation

Name a common class of antineoplastic agents.

• Analgesics

• Alkylating agents

• Antibiotics

• Antivirals

How do hypoglycemic agents function in the body?

• They primarily function by increasing carbohydrate intake.

• They have no effect on insulin secretion or sensitivity.

• Hypoglycemic agents function by lowering blood glucose levels through stimulating insulin secretion, increasing insulin sensitivity, inhibiting glucose production, or slowing glucose absorption.

• They increase blood glucose levels by promoting glucose production.

What is the mechanism of action of methotrexate?

• Methotrexate inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, reducing nucleotide synthesis.

• Methotrexate stimulates dihydrofolate reductase activity.

• Methotrexate enhances nucleotide synthesis by promoting folate absorption.

• Methotrexate acts as a direct DNA polymerase inhibitor.

List one side effect of chemotherapy.

• Increased appetite

• Improved energy levels

• Nausea

• Hair loss

What is the role of insulin in glucose metabolism?

• Insulin facilitates glucose uptake and storage, regulating blood glucose levels.

• Insulin has no effect on glucose levels in the body.

• Insulin decreases glucose uptake and increases blood sugar levels.

• Insulin is primarily responsible for fat metabolism.

Describe the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.

• Type 1 diabetes is more common in adults, while Type 2 is more common in children.

• Type 1 diabetes can be managed with diet alone, while Type 2 requires insulin.

• Type 1 diabetes is insulin-dependent and autoimmune, while Type 2 diabetes is insulin-resistant and often related to lifestyle.

• Type 1 diabetes is caused by obesity, while Type 2 is genetic.

What is the significance of the blood-brain barrier in drug design?

• The blood-brain barrier is significant in drug design because it affects drug delivery to the central nervous system.

• The blood-brain barrier prevents all drugs from entering the bloodstream.

• The blood-brain barrier is irrelevant to drug efficacy in the body.

• The blood-brain barrier enhances drug absorption in the stomach.

Name a hypoglycemic agent that is not insulin.

• Glyburide

• Glipizide

• Metformin

• Sitagliptin

What is the purpose of combination therapy in cancer treatment?

• To enhance treatment effectiveness and overcome drug resistance.

• To target only one type of cancer cell.

• To reduce the cost of treatment.

• To simplify the treatment regimen.