Endocrine Metabolism Quiz

Pancreatic Beta cells secrete:

• Glucagon

• Insulin

• Somatostatin

• Incretins

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Pancreatic Delta cells secrete:

• Insulin

• Glucagon

• Somatostatin

• Incretins

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Pancreatic Alpha cells secrete:

• Somatostatin

• Insulin

• Incretins

• Glucagon

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Metformin:

• Cannot directly improve A1C over time

• Inhibits gluconeogenesis in the liver and kidneys

• Increases expression of LDLR

• Inhibits somatostatin

Sulfonylureas are frequently dangerous because they:

• Are brightly colored, which attracts children

• Are associated with long term sulfur/cysteine deficiencies

• Force the pancreas to secrete more insulin, regardless of blood sugar and current insulin levels

• Inhibit efficient urea excretion via kidneys

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors:

• Are primarily prescribed for weight loss

• Work similarly to GLP-1 agonists (or incretins) due to a synthesis/degredation pathway

• Achieve a weight loss affect by increasing brown-fat thermogenesis

• Are toxic in even small doses

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors work primarily:

• In the liver

• In space

• In the brain

• In the kidney

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists increase:

• Insulin secretion indirectly by promoting pancreatic sensitivity to shifts in blood sugar

• Insulin secretion directly like sulfonylurea drugs

• Glucose release from adipose similar to epinephrine

• Somatostatin and Glucagon secretion via rapid parasympathetic signalling

Why does blood calcium not vary as much over the course of the day as blood glucose? Discuss aloud.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

What is the most frequent cause of hypercalcemia?

• Malignant Metastasis alongside excess PTHrP

• Hyperparathyroidism alongside excess PTH

• Compulsive Tums consumption

• Excess milk drinking