Theoretical Foundations of Language, Culture, and Literacies

1. Which term refers to a group's shared beliefs, customs, arts, and ways of life?

• a) Society
• b) Culture
• c) Language
• d) Community

2. According to Krashen's Theory of Second Language Acquisition, which hypothesis states that acquisition is superior to learning?

• a) Monitor Hypothesis
• b) Affective Filter Hypothesis
• c) Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis
• d) Natural Order Hypothesis

3. The Behaviorist Theory of language development was proposed by:

• a) Noam Chomsky
• b) B.F. Skinner
• c) Stephen Krashen
• d) Lev Vygotsky

4. What does MTB-MLE stand for in the Philippine language education policy?

• a) Multi-Track Basic - Multilingual Learning Education
• b) Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education
• c) Multi-Tiered Bilingual - Multiple Language Education
• d) Mainstream Teaching-Based - Multilingual Learning Environment

5. Which Philippine education policy established English as the sole medium of instruction during the American colonial period?

• a) Executive Order No. 132
• b) DepEd Order No. 74
• c) Education Act No. 74
• d) DECS Order No. 52

6. According to the Nativist Theory, language ability is:

• a) Learned through imitation
• b) Acquired through social interaction
• c) Innate but requires social interaction for full development
• d) Developed through environmental conditioning

7. Multilingualism is:

• a) Simultaneous and sequential
• b) Learning multiple languages from birth and learning new languages later in life
• c) Natural and artificial
• d) Active and passive

8. Which concept involves dialects, accents, and linguistic variations within a community?

• a) Culture
• b) Society
• c) Language
• d) Multilingualism

9. What is the main difference between the Behaviorist and Nativist theories of language development?

• a) Behaviorist focuses on innate ability, while Nativist focuses on environmental factors
• b) Behaviorist emphasizes environmental conditioning, while Nativist emphasizes innate language acquisition devices
• c) Behaviorist supports multilingualism while Nativist supports monolingualism
• d) There is no significant difference between the two theories

10. Why is multilingualism considered a natural phenomenon according to Cenoz (2013)?

• a) Because all humans are born multilingual
• b) Because there are more languages in the world than countries, and languages are unevenly distributed
• c) Because multilingualism is required by law in most countries
• d) Because technology has made multilingualism easier