The degree to which the results of a particular standardized test actually correspond to what the test is measuring is known as:

• Internal validity

• Concurrent validity

• Social validity

• Predictive validity

Which research method requires careful attention to word selection?

• Randomized controlled trial

• Observational study

• Clinical trial

• Survey

Answer explanation

The survey method of psychological research is particularly sensitive to wording. Surveyors must account for cognitive biases and word their questions in such a way as to elicit the most honest responses from all members of a population.

Who of the following psychologists was extremely influential in advancement of the intelligence test?

• Elizabeth Loftus

• Henry Murray

• Alfred Adler

• David Wechsler and Alfred Binet

In program evaluation, the first thing you might do is:

• Determine the appraisal process

• Plan the program's goals

• Gather information

• Create an appropriate research design

Answer explanation

In program evaluation, the first thing you might do is to plan the program's goals. Only when the goal is determined can you continue on with the appraisal process, gather information, and create a research design because the goal provides the direction of these actions.

Which of the following is an example of a interval scale?

• Fahrenheit degrees

• Class rank

• Clothing brand

• Reaction time

Answer explanation

An interval scale is an equal scale, which means there are equal intervals between each number. An example of an interval scale is Fahrenheit or Celsius degrees, as zero does not represent the absence of temperature. An ordinal scale is a ranked scale, such as class rank or the results of a race. In an ordinal scale, first place could be twice as good as second place or ten times as good as second. A nominal scale is a category. In a nominal scale, one category is not better or worse than any other category. Lastly, a ratio scale has an absolute zero. An example of a ratio scale is reaction time, as a reaction time of zero would indicate it took absolutely no time to react.

A university psychology professor seeks to verify that her test is a fair representation of material covered during the semester. What is the professor assessing?

• Content validity

• Alternate-form reliability

• Discriminant validity

• Split-half reliability

In an experiment to see if location has an effect on recall, there is a group in which students learn the words in one location and recall them in the same location. In the other group, the students learn words in a classroom and are asked to recall them in the gymnasium. What would you call the second group?

• The experimental group

• The independent variable

• The control group

• The exposure group

Answer explanation

There should always be a control group and an experimental group.

You have researched the effects of hypnosis vs. autogenics as treatment for posttraumatic stress on male and female Gulf War soldiers. Which technique will you use to properly analyze your data from this study?

• Within-subjects design

• ANOVA

• Two-way analysis of variance

• Factor analysis

Kelly decides to research her psychology project by going through old newspaper articles, magazines, and even journals of the individuals involved. What is the term for this?

• Archival analysis

• Documentarian research

• Historical balance

• Incidental conclusions

Answer explanation

Archival analysis is a systematic research method that looks at historical documents, diaries, and sometimes even novels of a particular group or culture in order to draw conclusions regarding the behavior of the individuals involved.

Which two attributes have a positive correlation?

• Schizophrenia and the need for social activity

• Fear and the need for social activity

• Anxiety and the need for social activity

• Clinical depression and the need for social activity

Answer explanation

As humans, when we are afraid, we feel the need to be around other people.