Cholecystectomy Quiz

Cholangiohepatitis, also known as recurrent pyogenic cholangitis, is endemic to which region?

• North America

• Europe

• The Orient

• Africa

In cases of cholangiohepatitis, what specific type of stones are typically formed due to bacterial contamination and deconjugation of bilirubin?

• Cholesterol stones

• Black pigment stones

• Brown pigment stones

• Mixed stones

Which is considered an absolute contraindication to laparoscopic cholecystectomy?

• Acute cholecystitis

• Obesity

• Pregnancy

• Hemodynamic instability

What is the approximate mortality rate for laparoscopic cholecystectomy?

• 5%

• 1%

• 0.5%

• 0.1%

In laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which specific 'critical view of safety' criteria requires that two and only two structures are seen entering the gallbladder?

• Common hepatic duct and common bile duct

• Cystic duct and cystic artery

• Right hepatic artery and portal vein

• Duodenum and common bile duct

When performing an intraoperative cholangiogram, what substance should care be taken not to introduce, as it will appear as filling defects on the images?

• Contrast material

• Saline solution

• Air bubbles

• Surgical clips

What is an appropriate approach for managing small common bile duct stones detected intraoperatively?

• Direct open choledochotomy

• Flushing them into the duodenum with saline irrigation

• Leaving them for spontaneous passage

• Immediate liver transplantation

Stones that are left in place at the time of surgery or diagnosed shortly after cholecystectomy are classified as what?

• Recurrent stones

• Primary stones

• Retained stones

• De novo stones

Biliary dyskinesia is an umbrella term for disorders affecting gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi motility. What is considered diagnostic of biliary dyskinesia on HIDA scanning?

• Absent gallbladder filling

• Delayed emptying of contrast from the biliary tree

• Decreased gallbladder ejection fraction (EF <35%)

• Gallbladder distention with thickened wall

Acalculous cholecystitis is an acute inflammation of the gallbladder without gallstones, typically developing in critically ill patients. What is the most definitive treatment for a stable patient with this condition?

• Long-term intravenous antibiotics

• Percutaneous cholecystostomy

• Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

• Endoscopic sphincterotomy