What is Attachment?

What is attachment according to Schaffer (1993)?

• A close emotional relationship between two persons characterised by mutual affection and a desire to maintain proximity

• A formal agreement between two people

• A type of physical bond

• A legal contract

According to Maccoby (1980), which of the following is NOT one of the four key behaviours of attachment?

• Seeking proximity to primary caregiver

• Both caregiver & infant experience distress on separation

• Both experience pleasure on being reunited

• Ignoring the caregiver

• Using the caregiver as a safe base for exploration

Fill in the blank: The period of a child’s life before speech begins, usually the first one to two years, is called _________.

• infancy

• adolescence

• puberty

• senescence

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the first three episodes in the Strange Situation (SS)?

• Caregiver leaves, stranger joins, caregiver returns

• Caregiver & infant enter lab, stranger joins, caregiver leaves

• Stranger joins, caregiver leaves, caregiver returns

• Caregiver leaves, stranger leaves, caregiver returns

Which key behaviour recorded in the Strange Situation refers to the unease felt by the infant when left by the caregiver?

• Separation anxiety

• Exploratory behaviour

• Social referencing

• Secure base behaviour

The Strange Situation measures attachment in infants aged 12-18 months old.

• True

• False

According to the findings of Ainsworth & Bell, how many types of attachment were identified in American infants?

• Three

• Two

• Four

• Five

What percentage of infants are classified as Type A: Avoidant attachment?

• 12%

• 22%

• 66%

• 78%

Which attachment type is described as: 'infant explores room when mother is present, is perturbed when she leaves but quickly comforted when she returns. Prefers mother to the stranger. Uses the mother as a safe base.'?

• Type A: Avoidant

• Type B: Securely attached

• Type C: Resistant/Ambivalent

• Type D: Disorganized

Fill in the blank: Type C: Resistant/Ambivalent infants are very upset when mother leaves but ______ when she returns, both seeking and rejecting contact.

• angry

• indifferent

• joyful

• silent