IPC 2_Summer Post ASMT Review

Which of these elements on the Periodic Table is the most reactive?

• Sodium

• Neon

• Helium

• Nitrogen

Answer explanation

Sodium is an alkali metal and is highly reactive, especially with water and air. In contrast, Neon and Helium are noble gases, which are inert and do not react easily, while Nitrogen is less reactive than Sodium.

Which of the following best describes ionic bonding?

• Electrons are shared between elements

• Bonds between two metals

• Bonds that result in fewer atoms

• Electrons are transferred to another element

Answer explanation

Ionic bonding occurs when electrons are transferred from one element to another, typically between a metal and a non-metal, resulting in the formation of charged ions that attract each other.

Which of these do Noble Gases have in common?

• Same atomic number

• Same atomic mass

• All are metals

• Same chemical properties

Answer explanation

Noble gases share the same chemical properties due to their full valence electron shells, making them largely inert and unreactive. They do not have the same atomic number or mass, and none are metals.

Elements with seven valence electrons tend to form covalent bonds by sharing electrons. Which of the following elements would tend to form a covalent bond?

• Calcium

• Bromine

• Krypton

• Potassium

Answer explanation

Bromine has seven valence electrons, making it likely to form covalent bonds by sharing electrons. In contrast, calcium, krypton, and potassium do not typically form covalent bonds due to their electron configurations.

What type of property is the ability of a substance to conduct electricity?

• Chemical property

• Physical property

• Nuclear property

• Radioactive property

Answer explanation

The ability of a substance to conduct electricity is a physical property, as it describes a characteristic that can be observed without changing the substance's chemical composition.

Intensive properties are useful for identifying substances because they:

• Depend on the amount of substance present

• Are the same regardless of the sample size

• Change when the sample is divided

• Can be measured with a scale

Answer explanation

Intensive properties are characteristics that do not depend on the amount of substance present. This means they remain the same regardless of sample size, making them useful for identifying substances.

When electrons move from high energy levels to lower energy levels what is released?

• A burst of red fog

• A photon of light

• A new element

• A new wavelength

Answer explanation

When electrons transition from high energy levels to lower ones, they release energy in the form of a photon of light. This process is fundamental in atomic physics and explains phenomena like the emission spectra of elements.

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Which of the following best explains the results when electrons transition between energy levels?

• When electrons transition to higher energy levels, they gain mass, and when they transition to lower energy levels, they lose mass.

• When electrons move to higher energy levels, they absorb energy, and when they move to lower energy levels, they emit energy.

• When electrons move to higher energy levels, they emit heat, and when they move to lower energy levels, they absorb heat.

• When electrons move to higher energy levels, they move faster, and when they move to lower energy levels, they move slower.

Answer explanation

Electrons absorb energy to move to higher energy levels and emit energy when transitioning to lower levels. This process is fundamental in quantum mechanics and explains the behavior of electrons in atoms.

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How do atomic energy levels support wave-particle duality?

• A particle of energy causes electrons to jump to higher energy levels, while a wave of energy is released when they return to lower levels.

• The energy levels contain electrons, which are particles, but emit light, which is a wave.

• The energy levels are made of particles but move like waves.

• The energy levels absorb energy in the form of waves, which causes electron particles to jump to higher energy levels.

Answer explanation

The correct choice highlights that energy levels contain electrons, which are particles, and when these electrons transition between levels, they emit light, demonstrating their wave nature.

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The atomic emission spectrum for hydrogen is shown in the provided image. N refers to specific electron energy levels within the atom (N = 3 for the third energy level, N = 2 for the second energy level). How does this emission spectrum provide evidence for wave-particle duality?

• The lines have different wavelength colors and indicate the number of electrons present in the hydrogen atom.

• The colored lines indicate discrete particles of light (photons) with wavelengths of that color.

• Each line indicates a wavelength, and the amount of space between the lines indicates the number of particles.

• The different colors of wavelengths are created by different numbers of light particles (photons).

Answer explanation

The colored lines in the emission spectrum represent discrete photons, each with a specific wavelength corresponding to energy transitions in hydrogen. This supports wave-particle duality by showing light behaves as both a wave and a particle.

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