IPC_S1 Summer Post ASMT Review

A car travels with an initial velocity of 20 m/s and speeds up to 45 m/s over a period of 5 s. What is the acceleration of the car? (a = Δv/Δt)

• 0 m/s²

• 2 m/s²

• 5 m/s²

• 13 m/s²

Answer explanation

To find acceleration, use the formula a = Δv/Δt. Here, Δv = 45 m/s - 20 m/s = 25 m/s and Δt = 5 s. Thus, a = 25 m/s / 5 s = 5 m/s². Therefore, the correct answer is 5 m/s².

What portion of the graph has the greatest acceleration?

• From the origin to Point A

• From Point A to Point B

• From Point B to Point C

• The acceleration cannot be determined.

Answer explanation

The greatest acceleration occurs where the slope of the velocity graph is steepest. From Point B to Point C, the slope increases significantly, indicating a higher rate of change in velocity, thus the greatest acceleration.

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Which statement best explains the answer to Part A?

• Acceleration cannot be negative.

• Acceleration is a measure of distance over time.

• Acceleration is a vector measure of velocity change over time.

• Acceleration is a scalar measure of velocity change over time.

Answer explanation

Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity over time, making it a vector quantity that has both magnitude and direction. This distinguishes it from scalar measures, which do not account for direction.

Based on the data in the table, which object experienced the greatest applied force?

• Object A

• Object B

• Object C

• Object D

Answer explanation

Object D experienced the greatest applied force as indicated by the highest value in the data table. This shows that it required more force to act upon it compared to Objects A, B, and C.

Tags

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NGSS.MS-PS2-2

A student is testing the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration by using different sized balls, a ramp, and a wooden block. The student releases each ball from rest from the top of the ramp, measures the distance the block travels after the ball moves it, and records data in the table below. Which of the following conclusions can be made about the relationship between the force applied to an object and its acceleration?

• The acceleration of an object will decrease as the force applied to it increases.

• The acceleration of an object will decrease as its mass decreases.

• The acceleration of an object will increase as the force applied to it increases.

• The acceleration of an object will increase as the force applied to it increases.

Answer explanation

According to Newton's second law, acceleration increases with greater force applied to an object, assuming mass remains constant. Thus, the correct conclusion is that the acceleration of an object will increase as the force applied to it increases.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

A cyclist with a mass of 42 kg is riding a 6.5 kg bicycle with a velocity of 5 m/s. What is the total momentum of the cyclist and bicycle?

• 242.5 kg·m/s

• 210 kg·m/s

• 177.5 kg·m/s

• 32.5 kg·m/s

Answer explanation

Total momentum is calculated using the formula: momentum = mass × velocity. The total mass is 42 kg + 6.5 kg = 48.5 kg. Thus, momentum = 48.5 kg × 5 m/s = 242.5 kg·m/s, which is the correct answer.

Two moving objects are set to collide with each other. Which property of the objects will most affect the magnitudes of their momentum?

• Temperature

• Volume

• Mass

• Shape

Answer explanation

The momentum of an object is calculated as the product of its mass and velocity. Therefore, the mass of the objects is the property that most affects the magnitudes of their momentum during a collision.

Tags

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NGSS.MS-PS2-2

Which of the following statements correctly describes the characteristics of the fundamental forces?

• Gravity is the weakest force but it acts over long distances.

• The strong nuclear force pushes protons and neutrons apart.

• The electromagnetic force has no effect on charged particles.

• Gravity only works on Earth.

• The strong nuclear force holds the nucleus of an atom together.

Answer explanation

Gravity is indeed the weakest force but acts over long distances. The strong nuclear force is responsible for holding the nucleus of an atom together, making these two statements correct.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-4

Which of the following describes a property of an atom's nucleus and a possible application of that property?

• The nucleus of an atom contains a small number of low-energy bonds. Increasing the number of bonds increases the energy within the nucleus, which, when released, can be used to generate power.

• The nucleus of a stable atom contains a specific number of protons and neutrons. Removing one or more protons from the nucleus can render an atom radioactive, which makes it useful for diagnostic imaging applications.

• The nucleus of an atom contains a large amount of stored energy. If bonds in the nucleus are broken, the stored energy is released and can be used to generate power.

• The nucleus of a stable atom contains a specific number of protons and neutrons. Adding one or more protons to the nucleus can render an atom radioactive, which makes it useful for diagnostic imaging applications.

Answer explanation

The correct choice highlights that the nucleus contains a large amount of stored energy. When bonds are broken, this energy is released, which is fundamental in nuclear power generation.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-8

The picture below shows four identical balloons at different heights, carrying boxes of different masses. Which balloon experiences the most gravitational pull from Earth?

• Balloon 1

• Balloon 2

• Balloon 3

• Balloon 4

Answer explanation

Balloon 3 carries the heaviest box, resulting in the most gravitational pull from Earth. The gravitational force depends on mass, so the greater the mass of the box, the stronger the pull on the balloon.

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