INTRO TO SYSTEMS

Which of the following systems are in charge of exchanges in the environment?

• Lymphatic and Urinary System

• Digestive and Cardiovascular System

• Skeletal ans Integumentary System

• Digestive and Respiratory System

Answer explanation

The Digestive and Respiratory Systems are responsible for exchanging nutrients and gases in the environment. The Digestive System processes food, while the Respiratory System facilitates gas exchange, making them the correct choice.

Which systems controls and regulates bodily functions?

• Nervous and Cardiovascular System

• Nervous and Respiratory System

• Nervous and Lymphatic System

• Nervous and Endocrine System

Answer explanation

The Nervous and Endocrine Systems work together to control and regulate bodily functions. The Nervous System provides rapid responses, while the Endocrine System regulates longer-term processes through hormones.

The Integumentary, Skeletal and Muscular Systems are responsible for the following functions EXCEPT:

• Support

• Transport

• Protection

• Movement

Answer explanation

The Integumentary, Skeletal, and Muscular Systems provide support, protection, and movement. However, they do not play a role in transport, which is primarily the function of the circulatory system.

Which enzyme is released by the salivary glands responsible for carbohydrates breakdown?

• lipase

• amylase

• sucrose

• lactase

Answer explanation

Amylase is the enzyme released by the salivary glands that initiates the breakdown of carbohydrates into simpler sugars. It plays a crucial role in the digestion process right from the mouth.

The following are Accessory Organs of the Digestive System EXCEPT:

• Gallbladder

• Liver

• Stomach

• Pancreas

Answer explanation

The stomach is a primary organ of the digestive system, responsible for digestion, while the gallbladder, liver, and pancreas are accessory organs that aid in digestion but are not part of the digestive tract.

Which of the following statement is TRUE regarding the Pancreas?

• It does not secrete any enzyme, it is only an accessory organ.

• It helps in breakdown of Vitamins and minerals needed by the body.

• It secretes Bicarbonate ions thus neutralizing stomach acids

• It produces acid in the stomach so food is digested well.

Answer explanation

The pancreas secretes bicarbonate ions to neutralize stomach acids, aiding in digestion. The other statements are incorrect as the pancreas is not just an accessory organ and does not produce stomach acid.

What is the primary function of the enzyme pepsin in the digestive system?

• Breakdown of fats

• Neutralization of stomach acid

• Breakdown of proteins

• Breakdown of carbohydrates

Answer explanation

Pepsin is an enzyme in the stomach that primarily functions to break down proteins into smaller peptides, aiding in digestion. It does not break down fats, neutralize stomach acid, or break down carbohydrates.

Which organ produces bile?

• Stomach

• Pancreas

• Liver

• Gallbladder

Answer explanation

The liver is the organ responsible for producing bile, which aids in the digestion of fats. The stomach and pancreas have different functions, while the gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver.

What is stored in the gallbladder?

• Blood

• Urine

• Bile

• Plasma

Answer explanation

The gallbladder stores bile, which is produced by the liver and helps in the digestion of fats. The other options, such as blood, urine, and plasma, are not stored in the gallbladder.

When air enters through the mouth or nose, where does the air go?

• Trachea

• Pharynx

• Larynx

• Trachea

Answer explanation

When air enters through the mouth or nose, it first travels to the pharynx, which is the passage that connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and trachea. Thus, the correct answer is the pharynx.