Unit 1: Foundations of Civilization

extra; more than what is needed

• surplus

• deficit

• scarcity

• abundance

A society with cities, a central government, job specialization, and social classes

• tribe

• civilization

• community

• empire

approximately or around

• circa (c. ca.)

• approximately (approx.)

• around (rnd.)

• about (abt.)

a document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study

• primary source

• secondary source

• tertiary source

• archival source

Information gathered by someone who did not take part in or witness an event

• primary source

• tertiary source

• secondary source

• anecdotal evidence

the time between the development of writing and the fall of the Western Roman Empire

• medieval history

• ancient history

• modern history

• prehistory

a group of people with similar backgrounds, incomes, and ways of living

• social class

• economic status

• cultural group

• social network

trading one good for the good of another

• bartering system

• monetary exchange

• trade agreement

• gift economy

move to a new place

• migrate

• relocate

• vacate

• travel

the development of farming from the domestication of plants

• agriculture

• horticulture

• forestry

• aquaculture