Gastrointestinal

Where is water primarily absorbed?

• Small intestine

• Stomach

• Esophagus

• Large intestine

What inhibits digestion during "fight or

flight"?

• Sympathetic nervous system

• Parasympathetic nervous system

• ENS

• Gastrin

Why do carnivores like cats have shorter

intestines than herbivores?

• Their stomachs produce less HCl

• They lack ENS control over motility

• Bile salts are recycled more efficiently

• Protein digestion is faster

Which comparative feature distinguishes

monogastric HCl secretion from

ruminants?

• Monogastrics lack parietal cells

• Ruminants secrete HCl only after

  microbial pre-processing in the rumen

• Segmentation contractions cease

• CCK release is inhibited

Which specific plexus coordinates

glandular secretions and electrolyte

balance in the submucosa?

• Auerbach’s plexus

• Myenteric plexus

• Submucosal ganglion

• Meissner’s plexus

What is the functional significance of the

rumen’s lack of HCl secretion?

• Preserves microbial populations essential

  for fermentation

• Reduces water absorption

• Prevents denaturation of salivary amylase

• Enhances gastrin release

What distinguishes the stomach chambers:

Monogastrics vs. Polygastrics?

• Monogastrics lack parietal cells

• Monogastrics: Three chambers;

  Polygastrics: Two chambers

• Both have identical stomach structures

• Monogastrics: Single chamber;

  Polygastrics: Four chambers

Why does the stomach absorb alcohol

efficiently?

• ENS directly enhances its uptake

• Its mucosal lining is highly permeable to

  small, lipid-soluble molecules

• Alcohol is actively transported by parietal

  cells

• Gastric lipase breaks it down

Which hormone’s release is most directly

triggered by fatty chyme in the

duodenum?

• Cholecystokinin

• Secretin

• Gastrin

• Motilin

What unique mechanism do ruminants use

to enhance cellulose digestion?

• VIP-mediated peristalsis

• Gastric pits in the rumen

• Regurgitation and re-chewing (cud

  chewing

• Hypersecretion of pancreatic lipase