Standard 5- EOC Style Questions

According to Document 1, what was one primary reason the United States used the atomic bomb in 1945?

• To test a new scientific theory in wartime

• To encourage Japanese expansion in the Pacific

• To bring about a swift end to the war with Japan

• To prove the effectiveness of radar-guided missiles

What Cold War strategy is symbolized by the action of the U.S. taxpayer in Document 2?

• Encouraging communism to spread throughout Europe

• Rebuilding war-torn Europe to resist communist influence

• Disengaging from international responsibilities

• Investing in domestic economic expansion only

What critique is most clearly conveyed by the political cartoon in Document 2 regarding the Marshall Plan?

• That European recovery is swift and requires minimal U.S. financial assistance

• That the Marshall Plan has successfully made Europe self‐sufficient without burdens for America

• That the slow progress of European recovery under the Marshall Plan places a heavy burden on the American taxpaye

• That U.S. involvement in European reconstruction discourages domestic economic growth

Which TWO of the following best contextualize the Cold War fears described in Document 3?
Select TWO correct answers.

• The spread of communism in Eastern Europe after World War II

• The Monroe Doctrine’s warning against European interference

• The rise of the Soviet Union as a nuclear power

• The passage of the 19th Amendment

• The neutrality policies of the 1930s

How does Document 1—Truman’s announcement of the atomic bomb—help explain the trends shown in Document 4’s graph comparing the number of nuclear warheads over time?

• It marks the beginning of U.S. demilitarization, leading to declines in nuclear stockpiles

• It represents a turning point that sparked a vigorous nuclear arms race between the United States and the USSR

• It demonstrates that after Hiroshima, the U.S. immediately halted further nuclear development

• It suggests that nuclear technology remained stagnant throughout the Cold War

How do Documents 3 and 6 together illustrate U.S. interventionist policies during the Cold War?

• They both advocate a strict policy of isolationism from foreign conflicts

• They reveal that U.S. fears of rapid regional collapse justified intensive intelligence and military measures in hotspots like Cuba

• They show that economic considerations were the sole factors behind U.S. military actions

• They indicate that the United States relied exclusively on diplomatic negotiations to resolve international crises

In what way do Documents 5 and 7 collectively reflect the evolution of U.S. defense policy during the Cold War?

• They demonstrate an unchanging commitment to increasing defense spending over time

• They illustrate a shift from a cautionary warning against the military‑industrial complex to advocating for concrete arms reductions as part of safeguarding peace

• They show that both presidents rejected any form of nuclear arms reduction measures

• They suggest that U.S. defense policy remained solely focused on conventional military forces without concern for nuclear weapons

How does Document 6, which shows U.S. intelligence mapping Soviet missile installations in Cuba, represent a major turning point in the trajectory of the Cold War?

• It reflects the moment when the United States permanently shifted to a policy of preemptive nuclear strikes in all future conflicts.

• It demonstrates the failure of containment policy, as the presence of Soviet missiles confirmed the success of communist expansion in the Western Hemisphere.

• It marks a critical juncture in Cold War diplomacy, after which both superpowers adopted more cautious strategies to reduce tensions and avoid direct military confrontation.

• It signals the beginning of increased American isolationism, where global security efforts were scaled back in favor of strengthening domestic industries and infrastructure.

Organize these options into the right categories

Groups:

(a) Truman

,

(b) Eisenhower

,

(c) Kennedy

,

(d) Reagan

• Warned against the military-industrial complex

• • Demanded the fall of the Berlin Wall

• Negotiated Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty

• NATO and Korean War troop deployments

• Truman Doctrine: Aid to Greece and Turkey

• Marshall Plan to contain communism

• Established Red Phone for crisis communication

• Ordered Cuban Missile Crisis blockade

• Deployed advisors to Indochina (Vietnam)

• Promoted the Domino Theory

Based on Document 1, how did the GI Bill help reshape American society in the years following World War II?

• It restricted veteran access to federal benefits to encourage workforce diversity.

• It led to mass emigration as veterans sought opportunities abroad.

• It promoted higher education and homeownership, contributing to the growth of the middle class.

• It mandated military re-enlistment for veterans receiving government aid.