Hydrocarbon Power!

What enables carbon to form stable covalent bonds with many elements?

• Its four valence electrons

• Its ability to form ionic bonds

• Its position in the periodic table

• Its two valence electrons

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NGSS.HS-PS1-1

NGSS.HS-PS1-2

Which historical event demonstrated that biological molecules are governed by the same chemical laws as inorganic compounds?

• Discovery of DNA

• Synthesis of urea by Wöhler

• Invention of the periodic table

• Discovery of penicillin

What is the main difference between n-butane and isobutane?

• They are different elements

• They have different spatial arrangements of atoms

• They have different molecular formulas

• They have different numbers of carbon atoms

What is the purpose of the IUPAC nomenclature system in organic chemistry?

• To measure the weight of molecules

• To determine the color of compounds

• To create new elements

• To standardize the naming of organic compounds

Why are alkanes considered primary fuels?

• They combust in oxygen, releasing energy

• They are the most reactive compounds

• They are the lightest molecules

• They are the most abundant elements

What is the result of a halogenation reaction?

• Formation of alkenes

• Replacement of hydrogen atoms with halogens

• Creation of ionic compounds

• Formation of water molecules

What is the significance of dehydrogenation in organic chemistry?

• It removes hydrogen atoms, forming unsaturated hydrocarbons

• It creates saturated hydrocarbons

• It adds oxygen to compounds

• It forms ionic bonds

How does constructing molecules from names help chemists?

• It allows them to change the color of compounds

• It helps them visualize molecules and predict behavior

• It allows them to create new elements

• It enables them to measure molecular weight

What is a key factor in the complexity of organic chemistry related to isomerism?

• Isomers are always more stable than their counterparts

• The number of possible isomers grows exponentially with carbon chain length

• Isomers have identical physical properties

• Isomers have the same boiling points

Why is searching for carbon-based compounds central in astrobiology?

• Carbon is the heaviest element

• Carbon compounds are the only molecules found in space

• Carbon's versatility is fundamental to the chemistry of life

• Carbon compounds are the simplest molecules