Which of the following best explains the causation for Roosevelt’s statements in Document 2 (Meatpacking Conditions)?

• Expansion of laissez-faire capitalism in the late 1800s

• Declining public support for federal regulation of business

• Muckraker journalism highlighting industrial abuses and public health dangers

• Increasing influence of the Populist Party in national politics

Which theme best connects the ideas expressed in Theodore Roosevelt’s “Conservation as a National Duty” (Document 1) and his “Message Regarding Meatpacking Plants” (Document 2)?

• The need for increased immigration to support industrial growth

• The importance of government intervention to protect natural resources and public health

• The promotion of laissez-faire policies to encourage business expansion

• The encouragement of private companies to self-regulate without government oversight

Answer explanation

Roosevelt emphasizes federal action to conserve natural resources and regulate industries to protect public welfare.

How did Roosevelt’s approach to regulating big businesses reflect a change from previous government policies in the late 19th century?

• It maintained the tradition of minimal government involvement in the economy.

• It introduced stronger federal regulation and oversight of large corporations.

• It encouraged states to handle all business regulation independently.

• It abolished all antitrust laws to promote free enterprise.

Which statement best uses evidence from Roosevelt’s speeches to explain the purpose of federal government intervention during the Progressive Era?

• Which statement best uses evidence from Roosevelt’s speeches to explain the purpose of federal government intervention during the Progressive Era?

• Roosevelt states the government must act as the "instrument," not the "master," of business to protect workers, the public, and fair competition. (Document 3)

• Roosevelt claims that private businesses alone should be trusted to maintain "inspection and cleanliness in meatpacking plants." (Document 2)

• Roosevelt insists the government's role is simply "planning ahead," not directly regulating industries or monopolies. (Document 1)

Which two statements best reflect the broader historical context of the Progressive Era demonstrated by Roosevelt’s speeches (Documents 1, 2, and 3)?

Select TWO correct answers.

• Roosevelt’s statements represent a response to public outrage generated by muckrakers who exposed corruption and unsafe industrial practices.

• Roosevelt’s speeches support the continuation of Gilded Age policies that emphasized limited government involvement in the economy.

• Roosevelt’s call for expanded government oversight reflects growing demands by Progressives for federal solutions to social and economic problems.

• Roosevelt’s ideas align with Populist movements’ exclusive focus on agricultural reforms and monetary policy during the late 1800s.

• Roosevelt’s advocacy for increased business autonomy represents the Progressive belief that government intervention was unnecessary.

Based on Document 1 (“Pacific Railway Act” Excerpts, 1862–1864), which statement best explains the cause-and-effect relationship established by this Civil War–era legislation?

• The acts encouraged railroad growth, but settlement remained limited.

• The acts promoted settlement and railroads, leading to economic growth and Native land loss.

• The acts boosted Eastern industry more than Western migration.

• The acts failed to provide enough support to attract settlers.

According to Document 3, what effect did the Dawes Act have on Native American communities?

• It protected tribal land ownership.

• It granted citizenship with no cultural cost.

• It broke up tribal lands and weakened Native identity.

• It led to more Native political leadership.

What policy trend is evident across Documents 1, 2, and 3?

• Growth of tribal land and power.

• Federal priorities favored settlers over Native rights.

• A shift toward honoring Native treaties.

• Consistent support for Native self-government.

Why was the Dawes Act (Document 3) a turning point in U.S. Indian policy?

• It increased Native control of land.

• It shifted from relocation to forced assimilation.

• It ended federal involvement in Native affairs.

• It provided full autonomy to Native tribes.

Which quote from Document 3 best supports the claim that federal policy harmed Native traditions?

• “Citizenship was granted to those accepting allotments.”

• “This loss of collective land threatens tribal identities.”

• “Land was allotted in small private parcels.”

• “The act redefined federal relationships with tribes.”