Anatomy Unit 7 Ch 11 Endocrine System Test

Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands.

• Endocrine glands release hormones into ducts; exocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream

• Endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream; exocrine glands release substances through a duct

• Both release hormones into the bloodstream

• Both release substances through a duct

How do steroid hormones travel in the bloodstream?

• Freely dissolved in water

• Bound to plasma proteins

• Encased in lipid vesicles

• Attached to red blood cells

What type of compound are steroid hormones formed from?

• Amino acids

• Protein and carbohydrate

• Cholesterol

• Nucleic acids

What is the function of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in hormone signaling?

• It binds to the hormone receptor.

• It acts as a second messenger.

• It forms the hormone-receptor complex.

• It diffuses through the cell membrane.

What is the first step in the action of a steroid hormone?

• The hormone combines with a protein receptor.

• A steroid hormone crosses a cell membrane.

• The hormone-receptor complex activates mRNA synthesis.

• Translation of mRNA leads to protein synthesis.

What occurs after a steroid hormone combines with a protein receptor?

• The mRNA molecules leave the nucleus.

• The hormone crosses the cell membrane.

• The hormone-receptor complex activates mRNA synthesis.

• Cellular changes occur immediately.

What is the role of phosphodiesterase in cellular processes?

• It activates cAMP, prolonging its action.

• It inactivates cAMP, making its action short-lived.

• It synthesizes cAMP, enhancing its effects.

• It stabilizes cAMP, maintaining its levels.

What is the function of prolactin?

• Stimulates the adrenal cortex.

• Regulates thyroid hormone secretion.

• Disrupts sexual function in both sexes.

• Stimulates milk production.

What effects does oxytocin produce in females?

• Increases blood sugar

• Stimulates uterine contractions

• Reduces heart rate

• Increases urine production

Which hormone stimulates an increase in the size and division rate of body cells?

• Prolactin (PRL)

• Growth hormone (GH)

• Oxytocin (OT)

• Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)