History of Psych Exam 2

The first person to recognize that there were gradations in nature and similarities among different species was Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)

• True

• False

In the ninth century, Al-Jahiz (A.D. 796-868)...approached the idea of natural selection

• True

• False

In 1809, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) formulated a behavioral theory of evolution that emphasized the modification of an animal’s bodily form through its efforts to adapt to its environment

• True

• False

In the mid-1800s, geologist Charles Lyell (1797-1875) introduced the notion of evolution into geological theory, arguing that the Earth had passed through various stages of development in evolving into its present structure

• True

• False

Adolph Quetelet was the first to use statistical methods and the normal curve of distribution with biological and social data

• True

• False

Tests of motor skills and sensory capacities; intelligence tests use more complex measures of mental abilities

• Mental Tests

• Introspection by Analogy

• Law of Parsimony

• Functionalism

A technique for studying animal behavior by assuming that the same mental processes that occur in the observer’s mind also occur in the animal’s mind 

• Mental Tests

• Introspection by Analogy

• Law of Parsimony

• Functionalism

The notion that animal behavior must not be attributed to a higher mental process when it can be explained in terms of a lower mental process 

• Mental Tests

• Introspection by Analogy

• Law of Parsimony

• Functionalism

Concerned with how the mind functions and how it is used by organisms to adapt to the environment 

• Focus on practical, real-world consequences 

• Protest against Wundt and Titchener’s systems

Asks: What does the mind do? How does it do it? 

• Mental Tests

• Introspection by Analogy

• Law of Parsimony

• Functionalism

Charles Darwin changes psychology 

• No longer concerned with the structure of consciousness but its function 

• True

• False