Quiz 5: Immune cell therapy

What is the primary function of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) in CAR T cell therapy?

• To target and kill leukemia cells with a specific antigen on their surface.

• To automatically find and attack any type of cancer cell in the body.

• To generate antibodies against multiple types of cancer cells.

• To enhance the immune system by producing more T cells.

What is a crucial component required for T cell activation, as mentioned in the text?

• Only cytokines

• Presence of scFv antibodies only

• Leukocytes from the transplanted tissue

• TCR and major histocompatibility complex interactions

What is the basis of T cell activation according to the classic dogma?

• Cytokine-mediated killing

• Major histocompatibility complex interactions

• Engineered antibody (ScFv)

• Co-stimulatory molecule involvement

What is the role of ScFv in the mechanism of CAR T cell therapy?

• Inhibits signal transduction to prevent cell activation.

• Enhances the cell's proliferation and cytokine release.

• Provides a general immune response without antigen specificity.

• Acts as a cell receptor for specific antigen recognition.

What is the primary function of the T cell receptor (TCR)?

• Producing antibodies to fight infections

• Recognizing peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex molecules

• Functioning as a solely independent immune cell

• Binding directly to cancer cells

What is the classic dogma of T cell activation dependent on?

• Bystander activation independent of TCR signaling.

• Antibody-mediated binding and recognition.

• Interaction with Toll-like receptors via peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex molecules.

• Recognition of peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex molecules through the T cell receptor.

What is the process where a positive or negative response

in one affected cell is passed to neighboring cells?

• Antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity

• T cells independent of TCR signaling

• Bystander Effect

• Immune cell autophagy

What is a significant risk associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)

in treating Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)?

• Complete remission of disease

• Refractory leukemia

• Graft versus Host Disease (GvHD)

• Uncontrolled proliferation of lymphoid progenitor cells

What is Graft versus Host Disease (GvHD)?

• A condition where the leukocytes from the transplanted tissue attack the recipient.

• A type of immune deficiency caused by cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

• A therapy aimed to treat leukemic cells without graft rejection.

• A chronic condition primarily affecting organ graft in host body.

What is one approach mentioned in the text to reduce off-tumor toxicity in CAR T cell therapy?

• Deletion of CAR T cells to limit adverse effects.

• Expression of two separate CARs with different ligand binding targets.

• Use of a specific CAR to enhance T cell localization.

• Engineering T cells to express C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2).