Exploring the Nervous System

What are the main parts of a neuron?

• Soma, synapse, neurotransmitter

• Cell body, dendrites, axon

• Dendrites, glial cells, myelin

• Axon, soma, synaptic cleft

Describe the function of dendrites in a neuron.

• Dendrites primarily function to produce neurotransmitters.

• Dendrites are responsible for generating action potentials.

• Dendrites are responsible to receive and transmit signals to the neuron's cell body.

• Dendrites only transmit signals away from the cell body.

What is the role of the axon in nerve signal transmission?

• The axon receives signals from other neurons.

• The axon stores neurotransmitters for later use.

• The axon transmits nerve signals by conducting electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body.

• The axon protects the neuron from damage.

Name the types of neuroglia and their functions.

• Synapses, connecting neurons for communication

• Dendrites, involved in receiving signals

• Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, Microglia, Ependymal cells.

• Neurons, responsible for transmitting signals

How do oligodendrocytes differ from Schwann cells?

• Oligodendrocytes myelinate a single axon; Schwann cells myelinate multiple axons.

• Oligodendrocytes produce neurotransmitters; Schwann cells do not.

• Oligodendrocytes are found in the PNS; Schwann cells are found in the CNS.

• Oligodendrocytes myelinate multiple axons in the CNS; Schwann cells myelinate a single axon in the PNS.

What is the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

• 0 mV

• -70 mV

• -50 mV

• -90 mV

Explain the process of depolarization during an action potential.

• Depolarization is the process of neurotransmitters binding to receptors on the neuron surface.

• Depolarization happens when calcium ions are released from the neuron, causing a decrease in voltage.

• Depolarization occurs when sodium ions enter the neuron, making the inside more positive.

• Depolarization occurs when potassium ions leave the neuron, making the inside more negative.

Describe the role of sodium and potassium ions in action potentials.

• Sodium ions cause depolarization by entering the cell, while potassium ions cause repolarization by exiting the cell.

• Both sodium and potassium ions cause depolarization by entering the cell.

• Sodium ions cause repolarization by exiting the cell, while potassium ions cause depolarization by entering the cell.

• Potassium ions are responsible for the initial action potential, while sodium ions stabilize the membrane.

How do excitatory neurotransmitters differ from inhibitory ones?

• Excitatory neurotransmitters only function in the brain, while inhibitory ones are found throughout the body.

• Both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters have the same effect on action potentials.

• Excitatory neurotransmitters inhibit action potentials; inhibitory ones promote them.

• Excitatory neurotransmitters promote action potentials; inhibitory neurotransmitters suppress them.

What is the function of the cerebrospinal fluid?

• It acts as a barrier against all infections.

• Cushions the brain and spinal cord, maintains homeostasis, removes waste, and circulates nutrients.

• It serves as a primary energy source for the brain.

• It helps in the production of red blood cells.