Mock NCLEX Exam: N398 Midterm

Which of the following is an example of reversible cellular adaptation?

• Necrosis

• Apoptosis

• Atrophy

• Cellular lysis

Which cellular injury type results from restoration of oxygen after ischemia and contributes to further damage?

• Physical injury

• Hypoxic injury

• Reperfusion injury

• Radiation injury

Which statement best defines apoptosis?

• Accidental cell death from trauma

• Inflammatory cell death

• Programmed cell death for homeostasis

• Necrotic death due to lack of oxygen

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Which patient is at highest risk for chemical cellular injury?

• 10-year-old on antibiotics

• 22-year-old with a fever

• 50-year-old chronic smoker on chemotherapy

• 35-year-old athlete training at high altitude

Which are types of physical or mechanical cellular injury?

• Hypothermia

• Blunt force trauma

• UV radiation

• Puncture wound

• Acidosis

A patient experiences cell death due to lack of oxygen supply. What is the most likely cause?

• Hyperplasia

• Ischemia

• Hypertrophy

• Apoptosis

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Which is the correct order of the chain of infection?

• Reservoir → Portal of entry → Agent → Host

• Agent → Reservoir → Portal of exit → Transmission → Entry → Host

• Portal of exit → Agent → Reservoir → Host

• Host → Entry → Reservoir → Agent

A nursing student is discussing virulence. What statement needs correction?

• Virulence is the ability of a pathogen to cause disease.

• Biofilms enhance a pathogen's resistance to antibiotics.

• Antiphagocytic factors help microbes evade immune cells.

• Pathogenicity and virulence mean the exact same thing.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

Which host characteristic most increases risk of infection?

• Balanced diet

• Immunosuppression

• Low-stress levels

• Physical activity

Which pathogen feature increases antimicrobial resistance?

• Motility

• Endospore formation

• Biofilm production

• Adhesion molecules