Take-off and Climb Performance

Definition: Takeoff run available

• Takeoff run available (TORA) is the distance a plane can glide after takeoff.
• Takeoff run available (TORA) is the time taken for a plane to reach cruising altitude.
• Takeoff run available (TORA) refers to the total length of the airport runway.
• Takeoff run available (TORA) is the declared length of runway available for takeoff.

Definition: Take off distance available

• Distance from the runway threshold to the end of the runway.
• Total length of the airport runway.
• Declared length of the runway plus any clearway

• Length of the runway after takeoff.

Definition: Accelerate stop distance available

• The distance required for an aircraft to taxi on the runway.
• The total distance an aircraft can fly before refueling.
• The declared length of the runway plus any stopway.

• The distance an aircraft travels during takeoff.

Definition of clearway:

• An obstacle free area beyond the take-off runway which can be used as part of the TODA

• A section of road where pedestrians are allowed to walk freely.
• An area designated for loading and unloading goods only.
• A place where vehicles can park for an extended period.

Definition of stopway

• A designated area for aircraft parking.
• A section of the runway for takeoff only.
• An area beyond the take-off runway capable of supporting the aircraft in an aborted/rejected take-off which can be used as part of the ASDA.

• A safety zone for ground crew operations.

How wide and what length does a clearway have to be?

• Minimum width: 3.5 meters; Length: 20 meters.
• Minimum width: 4 meters; Length: 100 meters.
• Minimum width: 150m, centred on the runway centreline; Length: 300m

• Minimum width: 2 meters; Length: fixed at 50 meters.

What is the definition of V1 speed?

• V1 means the minimum speed in the take-off following a failure of the critical engine at Vef at which the pilot can continue the take-off and achieve the required height

• The three regulatory speed that limit the selection of V1 are Vmcg, Vr, Vmbe

• V1 is a GO/NO GO speed or an action by speed

• V1 means the maximum speed in the take-off at which the pilot must take the first action to stop the aircraft within the ASDA

A clearway _____ TODA, but has no effect on ASDA

A stopway _____ ASDA, but has no effect on TODA

• decreases; decreases
• increases; increases
• remains the same; decreases
• increases; remains the same

V1 may not be less than ___ so that that in the event of a go decision, the aircraft is controllable with aerodynamic inputs only.

• V1 must not be less than Vmcg (Min control on ground)

• V1 must be less than the stall speed.
• V1 can be equal to the takeoff speed.
• V1 should be greater than the landing speed.

Definition of Vmcg (min control on ground)

• Minimum Control Speed in Air (Vmcg) is the speed at which an aircraft can take off safely.
• Vmcg is the maximum speed at which an aircraft can land without control issues.
• Min V1 at which when the critical engine fails at Vef, with the remaining engine at t/o thrust can control the aircraft with primary aerodynamic controls alone and continue t/o

• Minimum Control Speed on Ground (Vmcg) is the speed required for cruising altitude.